Meinlschmidt Gunther, Stalujanis Esther, Grisar Laura, Borrmann Moritz, Tegethoff Marion
Division of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstrasse 3b, D-10555, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2023 Jul-Sep;23(3):100371. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100371. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Automated Driving Systems (ADS) may reshape mobility. Yet, related fear and anxiety are largely unknown. We estimated the prevalence and risk factors of anticipated anxiety towards ADS.
In a nationally representative face-to-face household survey, we assessed anticipated levels of anxiety towards ADS based on DSM-5 specific phobia criteria, using structured diagnostic interviews. We estimated weighted prevalences and conducted adjusted logistic regression models.
Of 2076 respondents, 40.82% (95%-confidence interval (CI) 37.73-43.98) anticipated experiencing some symptoms of phobia of ADS, 15.22% (CI 13.19-17.51) anticipated subthreshold phobia, and 3.39% (CI 2.42-4.75) anticipated full-blown phobia of ADS. Of subjects anticipating subthreshold phobia, 74.02% showed no strong, enduring fears of driving non-automated cars and 65.07% presented no other specific phobias (full-blown anticipated phobia: 50.37% and 50.03%, respectively). Anticipated phobia highly overlapped with anticipating marked or strong fears of passively encountering ADS in traffic (odds ratio 312.4-1982.2).
About 20% of subjects anticipated at least subthreshold and 4% of subjects anticipated full-blown phobia of ADS. It appears to be distinct from fears related to non-automated driving and other specific phobias. Our findings call for prevention and treatment of phobia of ADS as they become increasingly ubiquitous.
自动驾驶系统（ADS）可能会重塑出行方式。然而，与之相关的恐惧和焦虑在很大程度上尚不为人所知。我们估计了对ADS预期焦虑的患病率及风险因素。
在一项具有全国代表性的面对面家庭调查中，我们使用结构化诊断访谈，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM - 5）特定恐惧症标准，评估了对ADS的预期焦虑水平。我们估计了加权患病率，并进行了调整后的逻辑回归模型分析。
在2076名受访者中，40.82%（95%置信区间（CI）37.73 - 43.98）预计会出现一些ADS恐惧症症状，15.22%（CI 13.19 - 17.51）预计会出现阈下恐惧症，3.39%（CI 2.42 - 4.75）预计会出现全面的ADS恐惧症。在预计有阈下恐惧症的受试者中，74.02%对驾驶非自动驾驶汽车没有强烈、持久的恐惧，65.07%没有其他特定恐惧症（全面的预期恐惧症分别为50.37%和50.03%）。预期恐惧症与预期在交通中被动遇到ADS时会有明显或强烈的恐惧高度重叠（优势比312.4 - 1982.2）。
约20%的受试者预计至少会出现阈下恐惧症，4%的受试者预计会出现全面的ADS恐惧症。它似乎与与非自动驾驶相关的恐惧以及其他特定恐惧症不同。随着ADS越来越普遍，我们的研究结果呼吁对ADS恐惧症进行预防和治疗。
