Kernberg O F
New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1987;35(4):795-819. doi: 10.1177/000306518703500401.
Projective identification and projection are defined, described, and contrasted. Projective identification is seen as an early or primitive defensive operation, and projection as later or more advanced and derivative in nature. The developmental origins and adaptive functions of projective identification are examined with an emphasis on the cognitive preconditions for the operation of this defense. The varying functions of both defensive operations are described within the context of psychotic, borderline, and neurotic personality organization. Case material is presented to illustrate the diagnostic approach to and the clinical functions of projective identification, particularly its importance in contributing to complementary identification in the countertransference. Also illustrated is the technical management of severe transference regression under the impact of projective identification. Finally, alternative approaches to the diagnosis and interpretation of projective identification are discussed.
投射性认同和投射被定义、描述并进行了对比。投射性认同被视为一种早期或原始的防御操作，而投射在本质上则被视为后期或更高级、更具衍生性的。本文探讨了投射性认同的发展起源和适应性功能，重点关注这种防御操作的认知前提条件。在精神病性、边缘性和神经症性人格组织的背景下，描述了这两种防御操作的不同功能。文中呈现了案例材料，以说明投射性认同的诊断方法和临床功能，特别是其在反移情中促成互补认同的重要性。还阐述了在投射性认同影响下严重移情退行的技术处理。最后，讨论了投射性认同诊断和解释的替代方法。
