The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China (Hong Kong).
Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China (Hong Kong).
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2023 Mar 31;9:e45697. doi: 10.2196/45697.
Practicing healthy lifestyles can reduce the risk to develop noncommunicable diseases and the related mortality. Studies showed that practicing healthy lifestyles could enhance disease-free life expectancy and preserve bodily functions. However, engagement in healthy lifestyle behavior was suboptimal.
This study aimed to define individuals' lifestyle characteristics before and during COVID-19 and determine the factors associated with practicing a healthy lifestyle. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 and 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys.
US individuals aged ≥18 years were interviewed via phone call. Healthy lifestyles were assessed through corresponding questions regarding the maintenance of optimal body weight, physical activity, daily consumption of at least five portions of fruits and vegetables, current smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Missing data were imputed using a package in the R statistical software. The effects of practicing a healthy lifestyle on cases without missing data and those with imputation were reported.
There were 550,607 respondents (272,543 and 278,064 from 2019 and 2021, respectively) included in this analysis. The rates of practicing a healthy lifestyle were 4% (10,955/272,543) and 3.6% (10,139/278,064) in 2019 and 2021, respectively. Although 36.6% (160,629/438,693) of all 2021 respondents had missing data, the results of the logistic regression analysis for cases without missing data and those with imputation were similar. Of the cases with imputation, women (odds ratio [OR] 1.87) residing in urban areas (OR 1.24) with high education levels (OR 1.73) and good or better health status (OR 1.59) were more likely to practice healthier lifestyles than young individuals (OR 0.51-0.67) with a low household income (OR 0.74-0.78) and chronic health conditions (OR 0.48-0.74).
A healthy lifestyle should be strongly promoted at the community level. In particular, factors associated with a low rate of practice of healthy lifestyles should be targeted.
践行健康的生活方式可以降低罹患非传染性疾病的风险并减少相关死亡。研究表明，践行健康的生活方式可以延长无疾病预期寿命并保持身体机能。然而，人们践行健康生活方式的行为并不理想。
本研究旨在定义 COVID-19 前后个体的生活方式特征，并确定与践行健康生活方式相关的因素。这是一项横断面研究，使用了 2019 年和 2021 年行为风险因素监测系统调查的数据。
通过电话采访了年龄≥18 岁的美国个体。通过有关保持理想体重、身体活动、每天至少食用五份水果和蔬菜、当前吸烟状况和饮酒的相应问题来评估健康的生活方式。使用 R 统计软件中的一个包对缺失数据进行插补。报告了对无缺失数据和有插补数据的个体践行健康生活方式的影响。
共纳入 550607 名应答者（2019 年和 2021 年分别为 272543 名和 278064 名）。2019 年和 2021 年健康生活方式的践行率分别为 4%（10955/272543）和 3.6%（10139/278064）。尽管 2021 年所有应答者中有 36.6%（160629/438693）存在缺失数据，但对无缺失数据和有插补数据的个体进行逻辑回归分析的结果相似。在有插补数据的病例中，与年轻个体（OR 0.51-0.67）相比，女性（OR 1.87）、居住在城市地区（OR 1.24）、具有较高教育水平（OR 1.73）和较好或更好的健康状况（OR 1.59）的个体更有可能践行更健康的生活方式。与收入较低（OR 0.74-0.78）和患有慢性健康状况（OR 0.48-0.74）的个体相比。
应在社区层面大力推广健康的生活方式。特别是，应针对与低健康生活方式践行率相关的因素进行干预。
