Xie Ming-Zhu, Dong Mei, Du Juan, Zhang Shan-Shan, Huang Fang, Lu Qing-Bin
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
J Infect Public Health. 2023 May;16(5):719-726. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.010. Epub 2023 Mar 12.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the common pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in patients with ARTI in Beijing, and to provide reference evidence for prevention and control of S. pneumoniae.
The patients from the surveillance data of ARTI in Beijing from 2009 to 2020 were recruited in the study. All patients were tested for S. pneumoniae and other viral and bacterial pathogens. Logistic regression model was used to explore the epidemiological features of S. pneumoniae.
Totally, 4.63% (253/5468) of the ARTI patients were positive for S. pneumoniae. The age, case type and antibiotic therapy in one week before sampling affected the positive rate of S. pneumoniae in patients. No significant difference on the positive rate of S. pneumoniae between the mild and severe pneumonia. Patients infected with S. pneumoniae had a higher risk of pneumonia in adults and the elderly, but a lower risk in children. The leading bacterial and viral pathogens in patients positive for S. pneumoniae were Haemophilus influenzae (36.36%) and human rhinovirus (35.59%), respectively.
This study showed that the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in the patients with ARTI was at a low level in Beijing from 2009 to 2020, which was higher in elderly patients, outpatients and patients without antibiotic therapy. It is necessary to further explore the serotype of S. pneumoniae and PCVs vaccine coverage, and rationally develop vaccine manufacture and vaccination programs to reduce the burden of pneumococcal diseases.
肺炎链球菌是引起急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）的常见病原体之一。本研究旨在调查北京地区ARTI患者中肺炎链球菌的流行情况，为肺炎链球菌的防控提供参考依据。
本研究纳入了2009年至2020年北京地区ARTI监测数据中的患者。所有患者均接受了肺炎链球菌及其他病毒和细菌病原体的检测。采用Logistic回归模型探讨肺炎链球菌的流行病学特征。
共有4.63%（253/5468）的ARTI患者肺炎链球菌检测呈阳性。患者的年龄、病例类型以及采样前一周内的抗生素治疗情况影响肺炎链球菌的阳性率。轻症肺炎和重症肺炎患者的肺炎链球菌阳性率无显著差异。肺炎链球菌感染患者在成人和老年人中患肺炎的风险较高，而在儿童中风险较低。肺炎链球菌阳性患者中主要的细菌和病毒病原体分别是流感嗜血杆菌（36.36%）和人鼻病毒（35.59%）。
本研究表明，2009年至2020年北京地区ARTI患者中肺炎链球菌的流行率处于较低水平，老年患者、门诊患者以及未接受抗生素治疗的患者中流行率较高。有必要进一步探索肺炎链球菌的血清型及肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCVs）的覆盖率，并合理制定疫苗生产和接种计划，以减轻肺炎球菌疾病的负担。
