Schukow Casey, Ahmed Aadil
ProMedica Monroe Regional Hospital
Illinois Dermatology Institute & Loyola Stritch School of Medicine
Trichoblastoma and trichoepithelioma are benign hair-germ tumors that most commonly arise on the face and scalp of adults (see Trichoblastoma). Brooke first described trichoepithelioma as epithelioma adenoides cysticum in 1892. In 1953, Pinkus further modified his description, and in 1967, Lever and Montgomery independently reported that embryonic origins are present within pluripotent hair follicle germ cells.[1] Trichoblastoma was first described in 1970 by Headington as a differentiated follicular neoplasm and was further characterized by Ackerman et al in 1993 to include all benign hair-germ cell tumors.[2] Although trichoepithelioma and trichoblastoma are 2 distinct entities, the former may be considered a subset of the latter.[3] Trichoepitheliomas/trichoblastomas are benign and rarely metastasize. However, they can transform into trichoblastic carcinoma (TBC), which arises from loss of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and elevated PI3K-AKT signaling in tumor cells. TBC has more potential for local invasion, recurrence, and metastasis.[4]
毛母细胞瘤（TB）和毛发上皮瘤（TE）是良性的毛发胚芽肿瘤，最常见于成人的面部和头皮（见毛母细胞瘤）。1892年，布鲁克首次将TE描述为腺样囊性上皮瘤。1953年，平库斯进一步修改了其描述，1967年利弗和蒙哥马利又分别进行了修改，将其胚胎起源纳入多能毛囊胚芽细胞。[1] 1970年，海丁顿首次将TB描述为一种分化型毛囊肿瘤，1993年阿克曼等人对其进行了进一步描述，将所有良性毛发胚芽细胞肿瘤包括在内。[2] 虽然TE和TB是两种不同的实体，但前者可被视为后者的一个子集。[3] TE/TB是良性的，很少发生转移。然而，它们可转化为毛母细胞癌（TBC），TBC是由于肿瘤细胞中p53肿瘤抑制蛋白缺失和PI3-AKT信号通路增强而产生的。TBC具有更强的局部侵袭、复发和转移潜力。[4]
