Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; email:
School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2023 Sep 15;9:337-359. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-111022-123857. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
The visual system must reconstruct the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) world from ambiguous two-dimensional (2D) retinal images. In this review, we synthesize current literature on how the visual system of nonhuman primates performs this transformation through multiple channels within the classically defined dorsal (where) and ventral (what) pathways. Each of these channels is specialized for processing different 3D features (e.g., the shape, orientation, or motion of objects, or the larger scene structure). Despite the common goal of 3D reconstruction, neurocomputational differences between the channels impose distinct information-limiting constraints on perception. Convergent evidence further points to the little-studied area V3A as a potential branchpoint from which multiple 3D-fugal processing channels diverge. We speculate that the expansion of V3A in humans may have supported the emergence of advanced 3D spatial reasoning skills. Lastly, we discuss future directions for exploring 3D information transmission across brain areas and experimental approaches that can further advance the understanding of 3D vision.
视觉系统必须从模糊的二维（2D）视网膜图像中重建动态的三维（3D）世界。在这篇综述中，我们综合了目前关于非人类灵长类动物的视觉系统如何通过经典定义的背侧（where）和腹侧（what）通路内的多个通道来实现这种转变的文献。这些通道中的每一个都专门用于处理不同的 3D 特征（例如，物体的形状、方向或运动，或更大的场景结构）。尽管 3D 重建的目标是共同的，但通道之间的神经计算差异对感知施加了独特的信息限制约束。汇集的证据进一步指向研究甚少的 V3A 区域作为潜在的分支点，多个 3D 发散处理通道从中发散。我们推测，人类 V3A 的扩张可能支持了高级 3D 空间推理技能的出现。最后，我们讨论了探索跨脑区 3D 信息传输的未来方向和可以进一步提高对 3D 视觉理解的实验方法。
