Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala, India.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2024 Oct;40(2):858-909. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191081. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
The influenza virus causes one of the most prevalent and lethal infectious viral diseases of the respiratory system; the disease progression varies from acute self-limiting mild fever to disease chronicity and death. Although both the preventive and treatment measures have been vital in protecting humans against seasonal epidemics or sporadic pandemics, there are several challenges to curb the influenza virus such as limited or poor cross-protection against circulating virus strains, moderate protection in immune-compromised patients, and rapid emergence of resistance. Currently, there are four US-FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs to treat flu infection, viz. Rapivab, Relenza, Tamiflu, and Xofluza. These drugs are classified based on their mode of action against the viral replication cycle with the first three being Neuraminidase inhibitors, and the fourth one targeting the viral polymerase. The emergence of the drug-resistant strains of influenza, however, underscores the need for continuous innovation towards development and discovery of new anti-influenza agents with enhanced antiviral effects, greater safety, and improved tolerability. Here in this review, we highlighted commercially available antiviral agents besides those that are at different stages of development including under clinical trials, with a brief account of their antiviral mechanisms.
流感病毒会引起呼吸系统中最常见和最致命的传染性病毒疾病之一；疾病的进展情况从急性自限性轻度发热到慢性疾病和死亡不等。尽管预防和治疗措施对于保护人类免受季节性流行或零星大流行至关重要，但仍存在一些挑战来遏制流感病毒，例如对流行病毒株的交叉保护作用有限或不佳、免疫功能低下患者的保护作用适中以及耐药性的迅速出现。目前，有四种美国食品和药物管理局批准的抗流感药物可用于治疗流感感染，即 Rapivab、Relenza、Tamiflu 和 Xofluza。这些药物根据其针对病毒复制周期的作用模式进行分类，前三种是神经氨酸酶抑制剂，第四种是针对病毒聚合酶的。然而，流感耐药株的出现凸显了不断创新以开发和发现具有增强抗病毒效果、更高安全性和改善耐受性的新型抗流感药物的必要性。在这篇综述中，我们除了那些处于不同开发阶段的药物（包括临床试验中的药物）之外，还重点介绍了市售的抗病毒药物，并简要介绍了它们的抗病毒机制。
