Wang Kang, Cai Minqi, Sun Jie, Chen Heng, Lin Zheguang, Wang Zhi, Niu Qingsheng, Ji Ting
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jun 15;452:131179. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131179. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Recently, concerns regarding the impact of agrochemical pesticides on non-target organisms have increased. The effect of atrazine, the second-most widely used herbicide in commercial farming globally, on honeybees remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluated how atrazine impacts the survival of honeybees and pollen and sucrose consumption, investigating the morphology and mRNA expression levels of midgut tissue, along with bacterial composition (relative abundance) and load (absolute abundance) in the whole gut. Atrazine did not affect mortality, but high exposure (37.3 mg/L) reduced pollen and sucrose consumption, resulting in peritrophic membrane dysplasia. Sodium channels and chitin synthesis were considered potential atrazine targets, with the expression of various genes related to lipid metabolism, detoxification, immunity, and chemosensory activity being inhibited after atrazine exposure. Importantly, 37.3 mg/L atrazine exposure substantially altered the composition and size of the gut microbial community, clearly reducing both the absolute and relative abundance of three core gram-positive taxa, Lactobacillus Firm-5, Lactobacillus Firm-4, and Bifidobacterium asteroides. With altered microbiome composition and a weakened immune system following atrazine exposure, honeybees became more susceptible to infection by the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens. Thus, considering its scale of use, atrazine could negatively impact honeybee populations worldwide, which may adversely affect global food security.
最近，人们对农用化学农药对非靶标生物的影响日益关注。阿特拉津是全球商业农业中使用第二广泛的除草剂，其对蜜蜂的影响仍知之甚少。在此，我们评估了阿特拉津如何影响蜜蜂的存活以及花粉和蔗糖的消耗，并研究了中肠组织的形态和mRNA表达水平，以及整个肠道中的细菌组成（相对丰度）和载量（绝对丰度）。阿特拉津不影响死亡率，但高剂量暴露（37.3毫克/升）会减少花粉和蔗糖的消耗，导致围食膜发育异常。钠通道和几丁质合成被认为是阿特拉津的潜在作用靶点，阿特拉津暴露后，与脂质代谢、解毒、免疫和化学感应活性相关的各种基因的表达受到抑制。重要的是，37.3毫克/升的阿特拉津暴露显著改变了肠道微生物群落的组成和大小，明显降低了三种核心革兰氏阳性菌属——Firm-5乳酸杆菌、Firm-4乳酸杆菌和星状双歧杆菌的绝对丰度和相对丰度。随着阿特拉津暴露后微生物群落组成的改变和免疫系统的减弱，蜜蜂更容易受到机会性病原体粘质沙雷氏菌的感染。因此，考虑到其使用规模，阿特拉津可能会对全球蜜蜂种群产生负面影响，这可能会对全球粮食安全产生不利影响。
