Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629AHJ Pilar, Argentina.
Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2023 May;50(2):191-204. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.01.009. Epub 2023 Feb 20.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a broad spectrum of disorders in terms of genetics, molecular and clinical characteristics. There is an urgent need for noninvasive tools to stratify and select patients for treatment accurately. In this review, we analyze serum, urinary, and imaging biomarkers that have the potential to detect malignant tumors in patients with RCC. We discuss the characteristics of these numerous biomarkers and their ability to be used routinely in clinical practice. The development of biomarkers continues to evolve with promising prospects.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是一种异质性疾病，其在遗传、分子和临床特征方面表现出广泛的紊乱。目前迫切需要非侵入性工具来对患者进行分层和准确选择治疗。在这篇综述中，我们分析了有可能检测到 RCC 患者恶性肿瘤的血清、尿液和影像学生物标志物。我们讨论了这些众多生物标志物的特征及其在临床实践中的常规应用能力。生物标志物的开发仍在不断发展，前景广阔。
