CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Calcutta, WB, 700032, India.
IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Salt Lake, WB, 700091, India.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 22;13(1):4692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30815-5.
India had witnessed unprecedented surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections and its dire consequences during the second wave of COVID-19, but the detailed report of the epidemiological based spatiotemporal incidences of the disease is missing. In the manuscript, we have applied various statistical approaches (correlation, hierarchical clustering) to decipher the pattern of pathogenesis of the circulating VoCs responsible for surge in the incidences. B.1.617.1 (Kappa) was the predominant VoC during the early phase of the second wave, whereas, Delta (B.1.617.2) or Delta-like (AY.x) VoC constitutes majority ([Formula: see text]%) of the cases during the peak of the second wave. The correlation plot of Delta/Delta-like lineage demonstrates inverse correlation with other lineages including B.1.617.1, B.1.1.7, B.1, B.1.36.29 and B.1.36. The spatiotemporal analysis shows that most of the Indian states were affected during the peak of the second wave due to the Delta surge, and fall under the same cluster. The second cluster populated mostly by north-eastern states and the islands of India were minimally affected. The presence of signature mutations (T478K, D950N, E156G) along with L452K, D614G and P681R within the spike protein of Delta or Delta-like might cause elevation in the host cell attachment, increased transmission and altered antigenicity which in due course of time has replaced the other circulating variants.The timely assessment of new VoCs including Delta-like will provide a rationale for updating the diagnostic, vaccine development by medical industries and decision making by various agencies including government, educational institutions, and corporate industries.
印度在第二波 COVID-19 期间经历了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的空前激增及其可怕后果，但缺乏基于疾病的流行病学时空发生率的详细报告。在本文中，我们应用了各种统计方法（相关性、层次聚类）来破译负责发病率激增的循环变异体的发病模式。B.1.617.1（Kappa）是第二波早期的主要变异体，而 Delta（B.1.617.2）或 Delta 样（AY.x）变异体在第二波高峰期构成了大多数病例（[Formula: see text]%）。Delta/Delta 样谱系的相关图显示与其他谱系（包括 B.1.617.1、B.1.1.7、B.1、B.1.36.29 和 B.1.36）呈负相关。时空分析表明，由于 Delta 激增，大多数印度邦在第二波高峰期受到影响，并归入同一集群。第二集群主要由东北部各州和印度各岛组成，受影响最小。Delta 或 Delta 样中的刺突蛋白中存在特征突变（T478K、D950N、E156G）以及 L452K、D614G 和 P681R，可能导致宿主细胞附着增加、传播增加和抗原性改变，从而在适当的时候取代了其他循环变体。及时评估包括 Delta 样在内的新变异体将为医疗行业更新诊断、疫苗开发以及包括政府、教育机构和企业行业在内的各个机构的决策提供依据。
