Atadzhykova Julia A, Enikolopov Sergey S
Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Psychol Russ. 2021 Mar 20;14(1):12-27. doi: 10.11621/pir.2021.0102. eCollection 2021.
At the beginning of 20 century, the phenomenon of oddity began to be studied. It was defined as a set of characteristics responsible for an individual giving the impression of being unusual, odd, and peculiar. Later, psychiatrists integrated oddity into the concept of schizotypy. Yet, while considered a part of the schizotypy construct, oddity has remained singular and maintained its status as an independent dimension.
The present article discusses oddity as a set of particular clinical traits that can be evaluated both by self-report measures and clinical assessment. We set out to investigate the oddity phenomena as manifested in a clinical sample, in order to delineate key features that constitute this concept.
Seventy-one patients were selected according to a specific set of criteria and subjected to a set of self-report measures (the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the Adult Personality Traits Questionnaire), a clinical interview, and a pathopsychological experiment. A number of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional characteristics were analyzed. An intra-group comparison was carried out in order to clarify the potential differences between the self-reported and clinically assessed phenomenon of oddity.
The study's first finding was that the SPQ-74 does not identify odd personalities in the general population, as reflected in the fact that the sample's average scores proved to be low. Secondly, restricted emotionality and a deficit in social interactions proved to be the prevalent characteristics of the sample of "odd" individuals. Furthermore, a set of certain speech peculiarities (word coinage, bizarrerie, etc.) and thinking impairments of various types (distortion of abstraction level and motivational deficit) emerged as prominent characteristics in the majority of subjects. Finally, it was determined that clinical assessment allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the psychology of odd personalities than self-report measures, due to a number of the personality, temperamental, and cognitive characteristics that the latter tend to exhibit.
"Odd" individuals can be characterized by a number of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral features independent of social perception and relevant to clinical practice; they can be captured more successfully by the application of qualitative methods. Further research is needed to elaborate this set of traits and test this hypothesis on new samples.
20世纪初，怪异现象开始受到研究。它被定义为一组使个体给人留下不寻常、怪异和奇特印象的特征。后来，精神科医生将怪异纳入分裂型人格特质的概念中。然而，尽管怪异被视为分裂型人格特质结构的一部分，但它仍然独特，并保持其作为一个独立维度的地位。
本文将怪异作为一组特定的临床特征进行讨论，这些特征可通过自我报告测量和临床评估来评估。我们着手研究临床样本中表现出的怪异现象，以描绘构成这一概念的关键特征。
根据一组特定标准选择了71名患者，并对他们进行了一系列自我报告测量（分裂型人格问卷和成人人格特质问卷）、临床访谈和病理心理学实验。分析了一些认知、行为和情绪特征。进行了组内比较，以阐明自我报告的怪异现象与临床评估的怪异现象之间的潜在差异。
该研究的第一个发现是，SPQ - 74未能识别出普通人群中的怪异人格，样本的平均得分较低就反映了这一点。其次，情绪受限和社交互动缺陷被证明是“怪异”个体样本的普遍特征。此外，一组特定的言语特点（造词、怪异等）和各种类型的思维障碍（抽象水平扭曲和动机缺陷）在大多数受试者中表现为突出特征。最后，研究确定，由于自我报告测量往往表现出的一些人格、气质和认知特征，临床评估比自我报告测量能够更全面地评估怪异人格的心理。
“怪异”个体具有一些独立于社会认知且与临床实践相关的认知、情绪和行为特征；通过应用定性方法能够更成功地捕捉到这些特征。需要进一步研究来详细阐述这组特征，并在新样本上检验这一假设。
