Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Environ Res. 2023 Jun 15;227:115726. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115726. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Both air pollution and poor sleep have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between air pollution and sleep health, especially among adolescents, is rarely investigated.
To investigate the association between fine particulate (PM) air pollution and habitual sleep patterns, we analyzed data obtained from 246 adolescents who participated in the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up examination. We collected their individual-level 24-h (short-term) PM concentration by using a portable monitor. We estimated their residential-level PM concentration during the 60-day period prior to the examination (intermediate-term) using a kriging approach. Actigraphy was used to measure participants' sleep durations for seven consecutive nights. Habitual sleep duration (HSD) and sleep variability (HSV) were calculated as the mean and SD of the seven-night sleep duration. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess the association between PM exposures and HSD/HSV. An interaction between short-term and intermediate-term PM was created to explore their synergistic associations with HSD/HSV.
Elevated short-term and intermediate-term PM exposure were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with higher HSV, but not HSD. Specifically, the mean (95% CI) increase in HSV associated with 1 SD higher 24-h (26.3 μg/m) and 60-day average (2.2 μg/m) PM were 14.6 (9.4, 14.8) and 4.9 (0.5, 9.2) minutes, respectively. In addition, there was a synergistic interaction (p = 0.08) between short-term and intermediate-term PM exposure on HSV, indicative that the association between intermediate-term PM and HSV became stronger as short-term PM increases, and vice versa.
Short-term individual-level and intermediate-term residential-level PM exposures are adversely and synergistically associated with increased sleep variability, an indicator of instability of sleep quantity, in adolescents. Through such an association with sleep pattern, PM air pollution may increase long-term cardiometabolic risks.
空气污染和睡眠质量差均与心血管疾病风险增加有关。然而，空气污染与睡眠健康之间的关系，尤其是在青少年中，很少被研究。
为了研究细颗粒物（PM）空气污染与习惯性睡眠模式之间的关系，我们分析了参与宾夕法尼亚州立大学儿童队列随访检查的 246 名青少年的数据。我们使用便携式监测仪收集了他们的个体 24 小时（短期）PM 浓度。我们使用克里金方法估计了他们在检查前 60 天内的居住地 PM 浓度（中期）。活动记录仪用于测量参与者连续 7 个晚上的睡眠时间。习惯性睡眠时间（HSD）和睡眠变异性（HSV）分别作为 7 晚睡眠时长的平均值和标准差计算。多变量调整线性回归模型用于评估 PM 暴露与 HSD/HSV 之间的关联。创建短期和中期 PM 之间的交互项，以探索它们与 HSD/HSV 的协同关联。
短期和中期 PM 暴露水平升高与 HSV 升高显著相关（p<0.05），但与 HSD 升高无关。具体而言，与 1 标准差更高的 24 小时（26.3μg/m）和 60 天平均（2.2μg/m）PM 相关的 HSV 平均（95%置信区间）增加分别为 14.6（9.4，14.8）和 4.9（0.5，9.2）分钟。此外，短期和中期 PM 暴露之间存在协同交互作用（p=0.08），表明随着短期 PM 的增加，中间期 PM 与 HSV 的关联变得更强，反之亦然。
短期个体水平和中期居住水平的 PM 暴露与青少年睡眠变异性增加呈不利的协同关系，而睡眠变异性是睡眠量不稳定的一个指标。通过与睡眠模式的这种关联，PM 空气污染可能会增加长期心血管代谢风险。
