Body mass index is negatively associated with a good perinatal outcome after in vitro fertilization among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a national study.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and good perinatal outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study using 2012-2015 Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System data.

SETTING

Fertility clinics.

PATIENTS

To identify patients most likely to have PCOS, we included women with a diagnosis of ovulation disorder and serum antimüllerian hormone >4.45 ng/mL. Exclusion criteria included age ≥ 41 years, secondary diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve, preimplantation genetic testing, and missing BMI or primary outcome data.

INTERVENTIONS

None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Good perinatal outcome, defined as a singleton live birth at ≥ 37 weeks with birth weight ≥ 2,500 g and ≤ 4,000 g.

RESULTS

The analysis included 9,521 fresh, autologous IVF cycles from 8,351 women. Among women with PCOS, the proportion of cycles with a good perinatal outcome was inversely associated with BMI: underweight 25.1%, normal weight 22.7%, overweight 18.9%, class I 18.4%, class II 14.9%, and class III or super obesity 12.2%. After adjusting for confounders, women in the highest BMI category had 51% reduced odds of a good perinatal outcome compared with normal weight women (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.36-0.67).

CONCLUSIONS

Among women with PCOS undergoing fresh, autologous IVF, the odds of a good perinatal outcome decline with increasing BMI. Women with PCOS should be counseled that the odds of achieving a good perinatal outcome decrease as their weight increases.