Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 2023 Jul;475(7):797-805. doi: 10.1007/s00424-023-02805-z. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
Tobacco cigarette smoking is among the most complex and least understood health risk factors. A deeper insight into the pathophysiological actions of smoking exposure is of special importance as smoking is a major cause of chronic non-communicable diseases, in particular of cardiovascular disease as well as risk factors such as atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. It is well known that smoking exerts its negative effects on cardiovascular health through various interdependent pathophysiological actions including hemodynamic and autonomic alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and hyperlipidemia. Importantly, impaired vascular endothelial function is acknowledged as an early key event in the initiation and progression of smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence from human studies indicates that cigarette smoke exposure associates with a pathological state of the vascular endothelium mainly characterized by reduced vascular nitric oxide bioavailability due to increased vascular superoxide production. In the present overview, we provide compact evidence on the effects of tobacco cigarette smoke exposure on vascular biology and function in humans centered on main drivers of adverse cardiovascular effects including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
吸烟是最复杂且了解最少的健康风险因素之一。深入了解吸烟暴露的病理生理作用尤为重要，因为吸烟是慢性非传染性疾病的主要原因，尤其是心血管疾病以及动脉粥样硬化和动脉高血压等风险因素。众所周知，吸烟通过多种相互依存的病理生理作用对心血管健康产生负面影响，包括血流动力学和自主神经改变、氧化应激、炎症、内皮功能障碍、血栓形成和血脂异常。重要的是，血管内皮功能障碍受损被认为是吸烟引起的动脉粥样硬化发生和进展的早期关键事件。越来越多的人体研究证据表明，香烟烟雾暴露与血管内皮的病理状态有关，主要特征是由于血管超氧化物产生增加导致血管一氧化氮生物利用度降低。在本综述中，我们围绕内皮功能障碍、炎症和氧化应激等主要驱动因素，提供了关于烟草香烟烟雾暴露对人类血管生物学和功能影响的简明证据。
