Dong Tong, Liu Jing, Liu Dahai, He Panxing, Li Zheng, Shi Mingjie, Xu Jia
Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(20):57316-57330. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26514-3. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
Under the global warming, it is particularly important to explore the response of extreme climate to global climate change over the arid regions. Based on daily temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) and precipitation data from meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme temperature and extreme precipitation events via combining thin plate smoothing spline function interpolation, Sen's slope, and Mann-Kendall test. Our results showed that during 1960-2019, the extreme low temperature index of frost days (FD), icing days (ID), cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold speel duration index (CSDI) all showed the downward trend to varying degrees, and the extreme high temperature index of summer days (SD25), warm days (TX90p), warm night (TN90p), and warm speel duration index (WSDI) all showed an upward trend to varying degrees, and the extreme low temperature index of high altitude mountains decreases more than that of the basin and plains. In addition, all the extreme temperature indices are closely related to the annual average temperature in Xinjiang (R > 0.6). Among the extreme precipitation indices, except for the consecutive dry days (CDD), the other extreme precipitation indices showed increasing trends to different degrees, but the changes in extreme precipitation in Xinjiang were mainly manifested by the increase of heavy precipitation in a short period (the increase of heavy precipitation and extreme heavy precipitation was the largest, 44.8 mm/10a and 17.6 mm/10a, respectively) and spatially concentrated in the Ili River and Altai Mountains in northern Xinjiang. Meanwhile, annual precipitation was positively correlated with the extreme precipitation index (R > 0.4), except for the CDD. This study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of natural disasters in the dry zone.
在全球变暖的背景下，探索干旱地区极端气候对全球气候变化的响应尤为重要。基于中国新疆气象站的日气温（最高、最低和平均）及降水数据，我们通过结合薄板平滑样条函数插值、森斜率和曼-肯德尔检验，分析了极端气温和极端降水事件的时空特征。结果表明，1960—2019年，霜冻日（FD）、结冰日（ID）、冷日（TX10p）、冷夜（TN10p）和冷期持续时间指数（CSDI）等极端低温指数均不同程度呈下降趋势，夏日（SD25）、暖日（TX90p）、暖夜（TN90p）和暖期持续时间指数（WSDI）等极端高温指数均不同程度呈上升趋势，且高海拔山区极端低温指数下降幅度大于盆地和平原地区。此外，所有极端气温指数均与新疆年平均气温密切相关（R＞0.6）。在极端降水指数中，除连续无降水日数（CDD）外，其他极端降水指数均不同程度呈上升趋势，但新疆极端降水变化主要表现为短时间内强降水增加（强降水和极端强降水增加最大，分别为44.8毫米/10年和17.6毫米/10年），且空间上集中在新疆北部的伊犁河和阿尔泰山脉。同时，除CDD外，年降水量与极端降水指数呈正相关（R＞0.4）。本研究为干旱区自然灾害防治提供了理论支持。
