Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA.
Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA.
J Phycol. 2023 Aug;59(4):658-680. doi: 10.1111/jpy.13331. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
Multiple species of the genus Dinophysis produce diarrhetic shellfish toxins (okadaic acid and Dinophysis toxins, OA/DTXs analogs) and/or pectenotoxins (PTXs). Only since 2008 have DSP events (illnesses and/or shellfish harvesting closures) become recognized as a threat to human health in the United States. This study characterized 20 strains representing five species of Dinophysis spp. isolated from three US coastal regions that have experienced DSP events: the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Northwest. Using a combination of morphometric and DNA-based evidence, seven Northeast/Mid-Atlantic isolates and four Pacific Northwest isolates were classified as D. acuminata, a total of four isolates from two coasts were classified as D. norvegica, two isolates from the Pacific Northwest coast were identified as D. fortii, and three isolates from the Gulf of Mexico were identified as D. ovum and D. caudata. Toxin profiles of D. acuminata and D. norvegica varied by their geographical origin within the United States. Cross-regional comparison of toxin profiles was not possible with the other three species; however, within each region, distinct species-conserved profiles for isolates of D. fortii, D. ovum, and D. caudata were observed. Historical and recent data from various State and Tribal monitoring programs were compiled and compared, including maximum recorded cell abundances of Dinophysis spp., maximum concentrations of OA/DTXs recorded in commercial shellfish species, and durations of harvesting closures, to provide perspective regarding potential for DSP impacts to regional public health and shellfish industry.
多个属的物种产生腹泻性贝类毒素（冈田酸和麻痹性贝类毒素，OA/DTXs 类似物）和/或短裸甲藻毒素（PTXs）。直到 2008 年，DSP 事件（疾病和/或贝类捕捞关闭）才被认为是美国人类健康的威胁。本研究对 20 株代表美国三个沿海地区经历 DSP 事件的五种属的 Dinophysis spp. 进行了特征描述：东北/中大西洋、墨西哥湾和西北太平洋。使用形态计量学和基于 DNA 的证据相结合，将 7 株东北/中大西洋分离株和 4 株西北太平洋分离株分类为 D. acuminata，来自两个海岸的共 4 株分离株分类为 D. norvegica，来自西北太平洋海岸的 2 株分离株鉴定为 D. fortii，来自墨西哥湾的 3 株分离株鉴定为 D. ovum 和 D. caudata。D. acuminata 和 D. norvegica 的毒素谱因在美国的地理位置不同而有所不同。与其他三种物种相比，无法进行跨区域的毒素谱比较；然而，在每个地区，都观察到了 D. fortii、D. ovum 和 D. caudata 分离株的独特的、种内保守的毒素谱。从各种州和部落监测计划汇编和比较了历史和最近的数据，包括 Dinophysis spp. 的最大记录细胞丰度、商业贝类物种中记录的 OA/DTXs 的最大浓度以及捕捞关闭的持续时间，以提供有关 DSP 对区域公共卫生和贝类产业的潜在影响的观点。
