Olympic Natural Resources Center, University of Washington, Forks, WA 98331, USA.
Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, Shelton, WA 98584, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Mar 2;15(3):189. doi: 10.3390/toxins15030189.
The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest because of their impact on human health are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and the recent measurement of azaspiracids, known to cause azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), at low concentrations in Puget Sound shellfish. The flagellate, , impacts the health and harvestability of aquacultured and wild salmon in Puget Sound. The more recently described flagellates that cause the illness or death of cultivated and wild shellfish, include , known to produce yessotoxins, and . This increased incidence of HABs, especially dinoflagellate HABs that are expected in increase with enhanced stratification linked to climate change, has necessitated the partnership of state regulatory programs with SoundToxins, the research, monitoring and early warning program for HABs in Puget Sound, that allows shellfish growers, Native tribes, environmental learning centers and citizens, to be the "eyes on the coast". This partnership enables safe harvest of wholesome seafood for consumption in the region and helps to describe unusual events that impact the health of oceans, wildlife and humans.
海洋有害藻类大量繁殖（HAB）越来越频繁，普吉特海湾新出现的毒素问题也越来越多，这增加了疾病风险，也对华盛顿州可持续获取贝类的能力产生了负面影响。由于影响人类健康，从而影响安全贝类收获的海洋毒素包括：引起麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）的石房蛤毒素、引起失忆性贝类中毒（ASP）的软骨藻酸、引起腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）的腹泻性贝类毒素以及最近在普吉特海湾贝类中测量到的低浓度的azaspiracids，已知这种毒素会引起azaspiracid 中毒（AZP）。甲藻会影响普吉特海湾水产养殖和野生三文鱼的健康和可收获性。最近描述的会导致养殖和野生贝类患病或死亡的鞭毛藻包括，已知其会产生 yessotoxins，和。随着气候变化导致的分层增强，赤潮的发生率增加，尤其是甲藻赤潮预计会增加，这使得州监管计划与 SoundToxins 合作成为必要，后者是普吉特海湾赤潮的研究、监测和预警计划，使贝类养殖者、原住民部落、环境学习中心和公民成为“沿海的眼睛”。这种伙伴关系使该地区能够安全收获有益于健康的海鲜，并有助于描述影响海洋、野生动物和人类健康的异常事件。
