中国老年人基本心理需求满足与睡眠的纵向相互作用。
Longitudinal interplays between basic psychological need satisfaction and sleep among older adults in China.
机构信息
The State Innovative Institute for Public Management and Public Policy Studies at Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Apr;323:115862. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115862. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
RATIONALE
Older people's sleep and associated health implications loom large in aging societies. Self-determination theory indicates lagged or immediate interplays between subjective sleep and satisfaction of basic psychological needs (for autonomy, relatedness, and competence). However, little is known about their longitudinal dynamics in later life.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated longitudinal reciprocities between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and subjective sleep for older people and controlled for six sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
METHOD
Three waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011, 2014, and 2017) were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (N = 2,834, 52.68% women, Mean age = 78.36). Participants reported sleep quality and duration, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and sociodemographic and health characteristics. Four competing models were examined: Model A conceptualized lagged effects of sleep on need satisfaction and vice versa (i.e. cross-lagged design), Model B described immediate needs' effects on sleep but lagged opposite effects, Model C reversed Model B's specifications, and Model D portrayed concurrent feedback loops.
RESULTS
It was found that satisfaction of psychological needs and sleep quality declined over the seven-year span, but sleep length only fluctuated trivially. All models fitted the data well, where better sleep quality consistently predicted higher levels of need satisfaction, especially for relatedness and competence. Sleep interacted most robustly with relatedness: Models A, B, and C revealed positive lagged or immediate reciprocities between sleep quality and relatedness, and Model D yielded negative feedback loops between sleep length and relatedness.
CONCLUSIONS
The study identified longitudinal immediate or lagged interplays between need satisfaction and sleep for older people, especially concerning relatedness need. Implementation of need-supportive interventions and promotion of healthy sleep habits are necessary for healthy aging.
背景
老年人的睡眠及其对健康的影响在老龄化社会中显得尤为重要。自我决定理论表明，主观睡眠与基本心理需求（自主性、关联性和胜任感）的满足之间存在滞后或即时的相互作用。然而，关于老年人睡眠和基本心理需求的纵向动态变化知之甚少。
目的
本研究调查了老年人基本心理需求满足与主观睡眠之间的纵向相互作用，并控制了六个社会人口学和健康相关的协变量。
方法
使用结构方程模型（SEM）分析了来自中国长寿纵向研究（2011、2014 和 2017 年）的三波数据（N=2834，52.68%为女性，平均年龄为 78.36 岁）。参与者报告了睡眠质量和时长、基本心理需求满足感以及社会人口学和健康特征。检验了四个竞争模型：模型 A 概念化了睡眠对需求满足的滞后效应和反之亦然（即交叉滞后设计），模型 B 描述了即时需求对睡眠的影响，但滞后了相反的影响，模型 C 反转了模型 B 的规格，模型 D 描绘了同期反馈循环。
结果
研究发现，七年来，心理需求和睡眠质量下降，但睡眠时长仅略有波动。所有模型都很好地拟合了数据，更好的睡眠质量始终预测更高水平的需求满足，特别是关联性和胜任感。睡眠与关联性的相互作用最显著：模型 A、B 和 C 揭示了睡眠质量与关联性之间的积极滞后或即时相互作用，而模型 D 则显示了睡眠长度与关联性之间的负反馈循环。
结论
本研究确定了老年人基本心理需求和睡眠之间的纵向即时或滞后相互作用，特别是与关联性需求有关。实施需求支持性干预和促进健康睡眠习惯对于健康老龄化是必要的。
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