Lacroix Emilie, Smith Alyssa J, Husain Incé A, Orth Ulrich, von Ranson Kristin M
Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Body Image. 2023 Jun;45:238-264. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges.
这项荟萃分析综合了关于身体意象平均水平变化的纵向数据，重点关注身体满意度与不满意度、身体自尊、感知吸引力、评价、自我客体化和身体羞耻等构念。我们检索了五个数据库并获取了未发表的数据，以识别在六个月或更长时间内两个或更多时间点评估身体意象的研究。分析基于来自142个样本的数据，这些样本共计128,254名参与者。与测量间隔中点相关的年龄范围为6至54岁。多层次元回归模型检验了标准化的年均变化，以及身体意象构念、性别、出生队列、损耗率、年龄和时间滞后的潜在调节因素。男孩和男性的整体身体意象呈现波动，在10至24岁之间有净改善。女孩和女性在10至16岁之间身体意象变差，但在16至24岁之间有所改善。变化在10至14岁之间最大，并在24岁左右趋于稳定。我们未发现构念、出生队列或损耗率的影响。结果表明有必要修正对正常身体意象发展的理解：敏感期可能比之前认为的稍早出现，并且身体意象在特定年龄范围内可能会有平均水平的改善。
