Sainbiose-INSERM_U1059, FACULTY of Medicine, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
Hellenic National Public Health Organisation, Athens, Greece.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2023 Aug;30(3):347-354. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.03.004. Epub 2023 Mar 23.
Ethical principles have been considered, and in several respects regulated, along the entire blood procurement chain from donor motivation to transfusion to the patient. Consent of donors and voluntary non-remunerated donation are fields which have been addressed by codes of ethics and legislation. Caring for donor health is an area of further development of ethical standards. In part, blood products have also become a market, where commercial principles may synergize, but also creating issues in equality and maintaining human dignity that challenge societal solutions. At the bedside, the main global challenge remains to procure enough blood products for each patient in medical need. Allocation of rare blood, ethical evaluation of transfusion triggers, attitudes towards refusing blood transfusion and provision of blood products to remote settings are areas which should receive consideration.
伦理原则已经在从供者激励到输血给患者的整个血液采集链中得到考虑，并在几个方面进行了规范。供者的同意和自愿的非报酬性捐献是道德规范和立法所涉及的领域。关注供者的健康是伦理标准进一步发展的领域。部分血液制品也已成为一个市场，商业原则可能会产生协同作用，但也在平等和维护人类尊严方面造成问题，这需要社会层面来解决。在床边，全球主要挑战仍然是为每个有医疗需求的患者采集足够的血液制品。稀有血液的分配、输血触发因素的伦理评估、对拒绝输血的态度以及向偏远地区提供血液制品等领域都需要得到关注。
