Gonçalves Marta, Costa Ana Rute, Severo Milton, Henriques Ana, Barros Henrique
EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Gac Sanit. 2023 Mar 24;37:102293. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102293. eCollection 2023.
To describe sleep-wake patterns in young children, based on sleep characteristics in early infancy and preschool ages, identifying their main sociodemographic characteristics, and to assess the association between different sleep characteristics at both ages.
We included 1092 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, evaluated at six months and four years of age, by face-to-face interviews. Sleep patterns were constructed through latent class analysis and structured equation modeling, including data on wake-up time and bedtime, afternoon naps, locale of nighttime sleep and night awakenings. To estimate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and sleep patterns, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression.
Two sleep patterns were identified through latent class analysis: pattern 1 was characterized by earlier bedtime and wake-up times, while pattern 2 was defined by later times. When compared with pattern 1, pattern 2 was more frequent among children whose mothers had changed from partnered to not partnered until preschool age and those who did not stay at the kindergarten, and was less common among those with siblings. Through structured equation modeling, an aggregating factor was identified at preschool age, which was mainly correlated with bedtime and wake-up time. A positive association between sleep characteristics evaluated in early infancy and in preschool ages was observed.
Sleep patterns and circadian sleep preferences seem to be developed early in life, which highlight the importance of promoting an adequate sleep hygiene from infancy, assuming its impact on sleep quality during the life course.
根据幼儿早期和学龄前的睡眠特征，描述幼儿的睡眠-觉醒模式，确定其主要社会人口学特征，并评估两个年龄段不同睡眠特征之间的关联。
我们纳入了来自二十一世纪出生队列的1092名儿童，通过面对面访谈在6个月和4岁时进行评估。通过潜在类别分析和结构方程模型构建睡眠模式，包括起床时间、就寝时间、午睡、夜间睡眠地点和夜间觉醒的数据。为了估计社会人口学特征与睡眠模式之间的关联，使用逻辑回归计算优势比和95%置信区间。
通过潜在类别分析确定了两种睡眠模式：模式1的特征是就寝时间和起床时间较早，而模式2的定义是时间较晚。与模式1相比，模式2在母亲在学龄前从有伴侣变为无伴侣的儿童以及那些不住在幼儿园的儿童中更常见，而在有兄弟姐妹的儿童中则较少见。通过结构方程模型，在学龄前确定了一个聚合因素，该因素主要与就寝时间和起床时间相关。观察到婴儿早期和学龄前评估的睡眠特征之间存在正相关。
睡眠模式和昼夜睡眠偏好似乎在生命早期就已形成，这突出了从婴儿期就促进良好睡眠卫生的重要性，假定其对生命过程中的睡眠质量有影响。
