Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology (LAFMOL), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2023 Jul 4;26(5):257-274. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2193762. Epub 2023 Mar 26.
The aim of this review was to (i) acknowledge structural advantages of natural products (NPs) for designing therapeutic drugs; (ii) emphasize how wildlife conservation is socially and economically necessary for scientific and commercial progress in Brazilian regions; and (iii) show how decisions by governmental regulations exert damaging effects on safeguarding of biodiversity. Natural products (NPs) from animals (e.g.: bufadienolides as marinobufagin), plants (diterpenes: casearin X and paclitaxel; triterpenes: betulinic acid) and microorganisms (depsipeptides: geodiamolides; antraciclines: doxorubicin) are the main source of oral drugs and have innate advantages for enteral and parenteral drug design, synthesis and combinational chemistry using novel techniques, including green chemistry. NPs possess high chemical diversity, binding flexibility to biological targets, chiral centers, aliphatic systems, hydrogen-bond acceptors and donors, and/or heteroatoms, and broad-spectrum pharmacological properties, including against malign disorders. Nonetheless, all Brazilian biomes and connected ecosystems have been systemically threatened since 2019 by the following fire, deforestation, monocultures, cattle raising, mining and/or oil spills mainly as consequence of financial cuts in key institutions which oversee environmental stability for terrestrial and marine Brazilian fauna and flora. Nevertheless, natural chemical entities, broad traditional knowledge on agrobiodiversity, fishing, fire management, and pioneering processes of economic interest play a vital role for "Science of Biodiversity," which arises as business bioeconomy opportunities to convert Brazil into a self-sufficient country for production of pharmaceutical supplies, cosmeticsand foods. Hence, Brazil needs sustainable development projects supported by government and scientific input if one wishes to use the chemical and biological biodiversity to treat individuals and improve the quality of life.
(i) 承认天然产物 (NPs) 在设计治疗药物方面的结构优势；(ii) 强调野生动物保护对于巴西地区科学和商业进步的社会和经济必要性；以及 (iii) 展示政府法规的决策如何对保护生物多样性产生破坏性影响。来自动物 (如：海蟾蜍毒素中的蟾蜍毒素)、植物 (二萜：贝壳杉烷 X 和紫杉醇；三萜：白桦脂酸) 和微生物 (环肽：地冬酰胺类；蒽环类：阿霉素) 的天然产物 (NPs) 是口服药物的主要来源，它们具有内在优势，可用于设计肠内和肠外药物、使用新型技术（包括绿色化学）进行药物合成和组合化学。NPs 具有高度的化学多样性、与生物靶标的结合灵活性、手性中心、脂肪族系统、氢键受体和供体、以及/或杂原子，以及广谱的药理特性，包括对抗恶性疾病。尽管如此，自 2019 年以来，所有巴西生物群系和相关生态系统都受到以下因素的系统性威胁：火灾、森林砍伐、单一栽培、牛饲养、采矿和/或石油泄漏，主要是由于负责监督巴西陆地和海洋动植物环境稳定性的关键机构的资金削减。尽管如此，天然化学实体、广泛的农业生物多样性传统知识、渔业、火灾管理以及经济利益的开拓性进程，对于“生物多样性科学”发挥着至关重要的作用，它为巴西提供了生物经济机会，使巴西能够成为一个自给自足的国家，能够生产药品、化妆品和食品。因此，如果希望利用化学和生物多样性来治疗个体并提高生活质量，巴西需要政府和科学投入的可持续发展项目。
