Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Laboratory/School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2023 Mar 20;11:e15046. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15046. eCollection 2023.
Pesticide use on tropical crops has increased substantially in recent decades, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Amphibians and reptiles are common in tropical agricultural landscapes, but few field studies measure pesticide impacts on these taxa. Here we combine 1-year of correlative data with an experimental field approach from Indonesia. We show that while pesticide application cannot predict amphibian or reptile diversity patterns in cocoa plantations, our experimental exposure to herbicides and insecticides in vegetable gardens eliminated amphibians, whereas reptiles were less impacted by insecticide and not affected by herbicide exposure. The pesticide-driven loss of a common amphibian species known to be a pest-control agent (mainly invertebrate predation) suggests a strong indirect negative effect of pesticides on this service. We recommend landscape-based Integrated Pest Management and additional ecotoxicological studies on amphibians and reptiles to underpin a regulatory framework and to assure recognition and protection of their ecosystem services.
近几十年来，热带作物的农药使用量大幅增加，对生物多样性和生态系统服务构成了威胁。两栖动物和爬行动物在热带农业景观中很常见，但很少有实地研究测量农药对这些类群的影响。在这里，我们结合了来自印度尼西亚的为期 1 年的相关数据和实验性实地方法。我们表明，虽然农药的使用并不能预测可可种植园中两栖动物或爬行动物的多样性模式，但我们在蔬菜园中对除草剂和杀虫剂的实验性暴露导致了两栖动物的灭绝，而爬行动物受杀虫剂的影响较小，且不受除草剂暴露的影响。一种已知是害虫控制剂的常见两栖动物物种（主要是对无脊椎动物的捕食）因农药而消失，这表明农药对这种服务产生了强烈的间接负面影响。我们建议采用基于景观的综合虫害管理方法，并对两栖动物和爬行动物进行更多的生态毒理学研究，以支持监管框架，并确保承认和保护它们的生态系统服务。
