Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Chemosphere. 2014 Oct;112:70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.065. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
The herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide cypermethrin are key pesticides of modern management in soy and corn cultures. Although these pesticides are likely to co-occur in ephemeral ponds or aquatic systems supporting amphibian wildlife, the toxicological interactions prevailing in mixtures of these two pesticides have been little studied. The current study evaluated the toxicity of equitoxic and non-equitoxic binary mixtures of glyphosate- and cypermethrin-based pesticides to tadpoles of the common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum. Two different combinations of commercial products were tested: glyphosate Glifosato Atanor®+cypermethrin Xiper® and glyphosate Glifoglex®+cypermethrin Glextrin®. When tested individually, the formulations presented the following 96 h-LC50s: Glifosato Atanor® 19.4 mg ae L(-1) and Glifoglex 72.8 mg ae L(-1), Xiper® 6.8 mg L(-1) and Glextrin® 30.2 mg L(-1). Equitoxic and non-equitoxic mixtures were significantly synergic in both combinations of commercial products tested. The magnitude of the synergy (factor by which toxicity differed from concentration addition) was constant at around twofold for all tested proportions of the glyphosate Glifoglex®+cypermethrin Glextrin® mixture; whereas the magnitude of the synergy varied between 4 and 9 times in the glyphosate Glifosato Atanor®+cypermethrin Xiper® mixture. These results call for more research to be promptly undertaken in order to understand the mechanisms behind the synergy observed and to identify and quantify the extent of its environmental impacts.
除草剂草甘膦和杀虫剂氯氰菊酯是大豆和玉米作物现代管理的关键农药。尽管这些农药可能在短暂的池塘或支持两栖野生动物的水生系统中共同存在，但混合使用这两种农药的毒性相互作用还没有得到充分研究。本研究评估了equitoxic 和非 equitoxic 二元混合物对普通南美蟾蜍（ Rhinella arenarum ）蝌蚪的毒性。测试了两种不同的商业产品组合：草甘膦 Glifosato Atanor®+氯氰菊酯 Xiper®和草甘膦 Glifoglex®+氯氰菊酯 Glextrin®。当单独测试时，配方呈现出以下 96 h-LC50s：草甘膦 Atanor®19.4 mg ae L(-1)和 Glifoglex 72.8 mg ae L(-1)、氯氰菊酯 Xiper®6.8 mg L(-1)和 Glextrin®30.2 mg L(-1)。在两种测试的商业产品组合中，equitoxic 和非 equitoxic 混合物均表现出显著协同作用。协同作用的幅度（毒性与浓度加和的差异倍数）对于所有测试的草甘膦 Glifoglex®+氯氰菊酯 Glextrin®混合物的比例均保持在两倍左右；而草甘膦 Glifosato Atanor®+氯氰菊酯 Xiper®混合物的协同作用幅度在 4 到 9 倍之间变化。这些结果呼吁尽快进行更多研究，以了解观察到的协同作用背后的机制，并确定和量化其对环境的影响程度。
