埃塞俄比亚中北部小学生肠道寄生虫感染与营养不良的患病率及决定因素：一项基于学校的横断面研究
Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Undernutrition among Primary School Children in North-Central Ethiopia: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Bisetegn Habtye, Debash Habtu, Ebrahim Hussen, Erkihun Yonas, Tilahun Mihret, Feleke Daniel Getacher
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
J Parasitol Res. 2023 Mar 15;2023:2256910. doi: 10.1155/2023/2256910. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Undernutrition is a major health problem among school children and affects their cognitive development, psychological development, motor skills, and academic achievements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of IPIs and undernutrition among primary school children.
METHOD
Cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 children from February to March 2021 at selected primary schools in Dessie town, North-central Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and nutrition-related data. Stool samples were used to diagnose IPIs. Participants' height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Nutritional assessment was done using WHO AnthroPlus software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. -values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULT
The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 28.9%. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa and helminths were 19.1% and 9.8%, respectively. was the most prevalent parasite (9.3%) followed by (7.6%), (2.9%), and (2.7%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in male (16.5%) than in female (12.4%) participants. Children whose mother's level of education is illiterate, 6-11 years old, have a habit of eating raw/undercooked fruits and vegetables, untrimmed and dirty fingernails, and sickness in the past week were significantly associated with IPIs. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 22.4%, 26.2%, and 20.7%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed gender, family size, meal frequency, and breakfast were significantly associated with undernutrition. IPIs had a statistically significant association with underweight, stunting, and wasting.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that IPIs and undernutrition are still major health problems among children in North-central Ethiopia. Periodic deworming, community health, and school health education will be valuable to improve the health, growth, and educational outcome of children.
背景
肠道寄生虫感染（IPIs）是发展中国家一个主要的公共卫生问题，发病率和死亡率都很高。营养不良是学童中的一个主要健康问题，会影响他们的认知发展、心理发展、运动技能和学业成绩。因此，本研究旨在评估小学生中肠道寄生虫感染和营养不良的患病率及决定因素。
方法
2021年2月至3月，在埃塞俄比亚中北部德西镇的选定小学对450名儿童进行了横断面研究。采用分层抽样技术选取参与者。使用预先测试的问卷收集社会人口学和营养相关数据。粪便样本用于诊断肠道寄生虫感染。测量参与者的身高和体重，并计算体重指数（BMI）。使用世界卫生组织AnthroPlus软件进行营养评估。使用SPSS 26版软件进行数据分析。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
肠道寄生虫的总体患病率为28.9%。肠道原生动物和蠕虫的患病率分别为19.1%和9.8%。 是最常见的寄生虫（9.3%），其次是 （7.6%）、 （2.9%）和 （2.7%）。男性参与者（16.5%）的肠道寄生虫患病率高于女性参与者（12.4%）。母亲教育程度为文盲、6至11岁、有吃生/未煮熟水果和蔬菜的习惯、指甲未修剪且脏污以及过去一周生病的儿童与肠道寄生虫感染显著相关。体重不足、发育迟缓以及消瘦的患病率分别为22.4%、26.2%和20.7%。多变量逻辑回归显示，性别、家庭规模、进餐频率和早餐与营养不良显著相关。肠道寄生虫感染与体重不足、发育迟缓和消瘦具有统计学意义上的关联。
结论
该研究表明，肠道寄生虫感染和营养不良仍是埃塞俄比亚中北部儿童中的主要健康问题。定期驱虫、社区卫生和学校健康教育对于改善儿童的健康、生长和教育成果将具有重要价值。
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