Eich Anne, Klichowicz Anja, Bocklisch Franziska
Research Group "Human-Cyber-Physical Systems", Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials and Surface Engineering Group, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 9;14:1107306. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1107306. eCollection 2023.
Digitalization in intelligent manufacturing leads to the development of Industry 4.0/5.0 and human-cyber-physical systems. As many production technologies rely on teaming of human workers and intelligent cyber-physical systems such as industrial robots, human-robot collaboration is an intensively investigated topic in this transdisciplinary research area. To design industrial robots in a human-centered way, psychological knowledge concerning judgment and decision-making needs to be gained and integrated.
This paper reports results from an experimental study ( 222, 2 × 4 within-subjects design) using eight moral dilemmas framed in the context of human-robot-collaboration to examine the influence of spatial distance of an industrial robot and humans (no direct contact, different tasks vs. no direct contact, same task vs. handing-over contact, same task vs. direct contact, same task) on moral decisions. Additionally, the type of dilemma was varied, with every four dilemmas depicting a life-or-death and an injury scenario. Participants responded on a four-point-response scale which actions they would take indicating deontological or utilitarian moral decision-making.
Results show a large effect of the proximity of the cooperation between robots and humans. The closer the collaboration the more a human tends to choose utilitarian moral choices.
It is argued that this effect might stem from an adaptation of human rationality to the robot or overreliance and shift of responsibility to the robot team partner.
智能制造中的数字化推动了工业4.0/5.0以及人机物理系统的发展。由于许多生产技术依赖于人类工人与诸如工业机器人等智能人机物理系统的协作，人机协作是这个跨学科研究领域中一个深入研究的课题。要以以人为本的方式设计工业机器人，就需要获取并整合有关判断和决策的心理学知识。
本文报告了一项实验研究（222名参与者，2×4被试内设计）的结果，该研究使用了八个在人机协作背景下构建的道德困境，以检验工业机器人与人类的空间距离（无直接接触、不同任务与无直接接触、相同任务与交接接触、相同任务与直接接触、相同任务）对道德决策的影响。此外，困境的类型也有所不同，每四个困境描述一个生死场景和一个伤害场景。参与者以四点反应量表回答他们会采取的行动，表明义务论或功利主义的道德决策。
结果显示机器人与人类合作的接近程度有很大影响。合作越紧密，人类越倾向于选择功利主义的道德选择。
有人认为，这种影响可能源于人类理性对机器人的适应，或者是对机器人团队伙伴的过度依赖和责任转移。
