Tilak T V S V G K, Patel Amol, Kapoor Amul
Professor & Head, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
Senior Advisor (Medicine) & Medical Oncologist, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India.
Med J Armed Forces India. 2023 Mar-Apr;79(2):128-135. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.02.001. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Targeted therapy and precision oncology aim to improve efficacy and minimize side effects by targeting specific molecules involved in cancer growth and spread. With the advancements in genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics with the accessible modalities such as next-generation sequencing, circulating tumor cells, and tumor Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), more number of patients are being offered the targeted therapy in form of monoclonal antibodies and various intracellular targets, specific for their tumor. The harnessing of host immunity against the cancer cells by utilizing immune-oncology agents and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has further revolutionized the management of various cancers. These agents, however, have the challenge of managing the adverse effects that are peculiar to the class of drugs and very different from the conventional chemotherapy. This review article discusses the molecular basis, diagnostics, and use of targeted therapy in oncology.
靶向治疗和精准肿瘤学旨在通过针对参与癌症生长和扩散的特定分子来提高疗效并将副作用降至最低。随着基因组学、蛋白质组学和转录组学的发展，以及诸如下一代测序、循环肿瘤细胞和肿瘤脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）等可及技术的出现，越来越多的患者正在接受以单克隆抗体和各种针对其肿瘤的细胞内靶点形式的靶向治疗。通过利用免疫肿瘤学药物和嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法来利用宿主免疫系统对抗癌细胞，这进一步彻底改变了各种癌症的治疗方式。然而，这些药物面临着管理这类药物特有的、与传统化疗非常不同的不良反应的挑战。这篇综述文章讨论了肿瘤学中靶向治疗的分子基础、诊断方法及应用。
