Rodarte Rodrigo Ribeiro Pinho, Guimarães João Antônio Matheus, Duarte Brenno Tavares, Kenedi Paulo Pedro, Pinho William Ribeiro
Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa (DIENP), Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica e Tecnologia de Materiais - PPEMM - CEFET/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2022 Jun 6;58(1):173-178. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1748964. eCollection 2023 Feb.
The failure of ligament reconstruction has different risk factors, among which we can highlight the period before its incorporation, which is a mechanically vulnerable period. Loss of resistance over time is a characteristic of living tissues. Dissection with bone insertions of the cruciate ligaments of animal models is not described; however, it is essential for monoaxial assays to extract information from tests such as relaxation. The present work describes the dissection used for the generation of a test body for the performance of nondestructive tests to evaluate the mechanical behavior. We performed dissection of four porcino knee ligaments, proposing a dissection technique for the cruciate ligaments with bone inserts for comparison with collateral ligaments. The ligaments were submitted to relaxation tests and had strain gauges placed during the tests. The results showed viscoelastic behavior, validated by strain gauges and with a loss over time; with some ligaments presenting with losses of up to 20%, a factor to be considered in future studies. The present work dissected the four main ligaments of the knee demonstrating the posterior approach that allows maintaining their bone insertions and described the fixation for the monotonic uniaxial trials, besides being able to extract the viscoelastic behavior of the four ligaments of the knee, within the physiological limits of the knee.
韧带重建失败存在不同的风险因素，其中我们可以强调其愈合前的时期，这是一个机械易损期。随着时间的推移，组织抗力的丧失是活体组织的一个特征。动物模型中交叉韧带的带骨插入物的解剖方法未见描述；然而，对于单轴试验来说，从诸如松弛试验等测试中提取信息是至关重要的。本研究描述了用于生成测试体以进行无损测试以评估力学行为的解剖方法。我们对四条猪膝关节韧带进行了解剖，提出了一种带骨插入物的交叉韧带解剖技术，以便与侧副韧带进行比较。韧带进行了松弛试验，并在试验过程中放置了应变片。结果显示出粘弹性行为，经应变片验证且随时间有损耗；一些韧带的损耗高达20%，这是未来研究中需要考虑的一个因素。本研究对膝关节的四条主要韧带进行了解剖，展示了能够保留其骨插入物的后路解剖方法，并描述了单调单轴试验的固定方法，此外还能够在膝关节的生理极限范围内提取膝关节四条韧带的粘弹性行为。
