Tele Albert, Kathono Joseph, Mwaniga Shillah, Nyongesa Vincent, Yator Obadia, Gachuno Onesmus, Wamalwa Dalton, Amugune Beatrice, Cuijpers Pim, Saxena Shekhar, McKay Mary, Carvajal Liliana, Lai Joanna, Huang Keng Yen, Merali Zul, Kumar Manasi
Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
J Affect Disord Rep. 2022 Dec;10. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100424. Epub 2022 Sep 19.
Adolescent parenthood can be associated with a range of adverse outcomes for young mothers such as depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Identification of depression and understanding risk factors among pregnant adolescents is important for development of appropriate interventions and programs focused on adolescent mental health. This paper reports on the findings of the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya.
We recruited 153 pregnant adolescent (14-18 years) who were accessing maternal health services in one of two Nairobi County primary health care facilities in the cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 was used to screen for depression. Multivariate Stepwise linear regression modelling was used to identify key predictors of depression.
Using a cut off of 10 and above on PHQ-9, we found that 43.1% of the respondents were depressed. Depressive symptoms in were independently associated with being in school, experience of intimate partner violence, substance use within the family and having experienced pressure to use substances by family or peers.
Cross-sectional by design and the applications of our findings are limited to settings that are similar to our study population. The PHQ-9 used has not been psychometrically validated locally in this sample.
We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among respondents. These risk factors identified merit further investigation. Comprehensive mental health screening needs to be integrated in primary and community health services on the possible presence of depression.
青少年怀孕可能会给年轻母亲带来一系列不良后果，如抑郁、药物滥用和创伤后应激障碍。识别怀孕青少年中的抑郁症并了解其风险因素，对于制定针对青少年心理健康的适当干预措施和项目非常重要。本文报告了肯尼亚内罗毕怀孕青少年中抑郁症患病率及其相关风险因素的研究结果。
在2021年进行的横断面调查中，我们招募了153名年龄在14至18岁之间、在内罗毕县两个初级卫生保健机构之一接受孕产妇保健服务的怀孕青少年。使用患者健康问卷9来筛查抑郁症。采用多元逐步线性回归模型来确定抑郁症的关键预测因素。
以PHQ-9评分10分及以上为临界值，我们发现43.1%的受访者患有抑郁症。抑郁症状与在校、亲密伴侣暴力经历、家庭内物质使用以及受到家人或同伴使用物质的压力独立相关。
本研究为横断面设计，研究结果的应用仅限于与我们研究人群相似的环境。所使用的PHQ-9在本样本中尚未在当地进行心理测量学验证。
我们发现受访者中抑郁症状的患病率很高。这些识别出的风险因素值得进一步研究。需要将全面的心理健康筛查纳入初级和社区卫生服务，以筛查可能存在的抑郁症。
