CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australia; email:
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2023 Mar 27;14:247-269. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-104852.
In contrast to traditional breeding, which relies on the identification of mutants, metabolic engineering provides a new platform to modify the oil composition in oil crops for improved nutrition. By altering endogenous genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways, it is possible to modify edible plant oils to increase the content of desired components or reduce the content of undesirable components. However, introduction of novel nutritional components such as omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids needs transgenic expression of novel genes in crops. Despite formidable challenges, significant progress in engineering nutritionally improved edible plant oils has recently been achieved, with some commercial products now on the market.
与传统的依赖于突变体鉴定的育种方法不同，代谢工程为改良油作物的油组成以改善其营养价值提供了一个新的平台。通过改变参与生物合成途径的内源性基因，可以修饰食用植物油以增加所需成分的含量或减少不期望成分的含量。然而，像 ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸这样的新型营养成分的引入需要在作物中转基因表达新的基因。尽管面临巨大的挑战，但最近在工程改良食用植物油方面取得了显著进展，一些商业化产品已经上市。
