Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Hippocampus. 2023 Aug;33(8):922-935. doi: 10.1002/hipo.23526. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Newly formed memories are spontaneously reactivated during sleep, leading to their strengthening. This reactivation process can be manipulated by reinstating learning-related stimuli during sleep, a technique termed targeted memory reactivation. Numerous studies have found that delivering cues during sleep improves memory for simple associations, in which one cue reactivates one tested memory. However, real-life memories often live in rich, complex networks of associations. In this review, we will examine recent forays into investigating how targeted sleep reactivation affects memories within complex paradigms, in which one cue can reactivate multiple tested memories. A common theme across studies is that reactivation consequences do not merely depend on whether memories reside in complex arrangements, but on how memories interact with one another during acquisition. We therefore emphasize how intricate study design details that alter the nature of learning and/or participant intentions impact the outcomes of sleep reactivation. In some cases, complex networks of memories interact harmoniously to bring about mutual memory benefits; in other cases, memories interact antagonistically and produce selective impairments in retrieval. Ultimately, although this burgeoning area of research has yet to be systematically explored, results suggest that the fate of reactivated stimuli within complex arrangements depends on how they were learned.
新形成的记忆在睡眠中会自发地被重新激活，从而得到加强。这个再激活过程可以通过在睡眠中重新引入与学习相关的刺激来进行操作，这种技术被称为靶向记忆再激活。大量研究发现，在睡眠中传递线索可以提高简单联想的记忆，其中一个线索可以激活一个经过测试的记忆。然而，现实生活中的记忆通常存在于丰富、复杂的联想网络中。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨最近在研究靶向睡眠再激活如何影响复杂范式中的记忆的尝试，在这些范式中，一个线索可以激活多个经过测试的记忆。一个贯穿研究的共同主题是，再激活的后果不仅仅取决于记忆是否处于复杂的排列中，还取决于记忆在获取过程中是如何相互作用的。因此，我们强调了改变学习性质和/或参与者意图的复杂研究设计细节如何影响睡眠再激活的结果。在某些情况下，记忆的复杂网络会和谐地相互作用，从而带来相互的记忆益处；在其他情况下，记忆会相互拮抗，导致检索选择性损伤。最终，尽管这一新兴研究领域尚未得到系统探索，但研究结果表明，复杂排列中被重新激活的刺激的命运取决于它们是如何被学习的。
