Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2023 May-Jun;37(3):1243-1249. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16692. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Hemosiderophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are commonly ascribed to exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). Little information exists regarding the presence of these cells in horses that perform light or no work and that are referred for respiratory problems.
Evaluate the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF of horses suspected of respiratory disease without history of or risk factors for EIPH and determine predictors of hemosiderophages in BALF in this population.
Observational retrospective cross-sectional study using STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reports of 353 horses evaluated for respiratory disease between 2012 and 2022 at the Cummings School for Veterinary Medicine were reviewed retrospectively. Horses with a history or likelihood of having performed past strenuous exercise were removed, and the remaining 91 horses were divided into hemosiderin-positive (HSD-POS) and hemosiderin-negative groups based on Perls' Prussian blue staining. Potential predictors for the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF (history, clinical evaluation, baseline lung function, airway reactivity, BALF cytology, and hemosiderin score) were compared between the 2 groups, using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Horses with a diagnosis of severe equine asthma (sEA; odds ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-38.5; P < .001) were significantly more likely to be HSD-POS than horses with mild-to-moderate equine asthma.
Hemosiderophages were found in the BALF cytology in a subset of horses that perform light or no work and presented for respiratory signs; these cells were found more frequently in horses with sEA. The link between hemosiderophages and sEA highlights previously unstudied pathology associated with this common disease.
支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的含铁血黄素吞噬细胞通常归因于运动诱导的肺出血（EIPH）。对于没有 EIPH 病史或风险因素且因呼吸问题就诊的轻体力或无体力活动的马匹，关于这些细胞存在的信息很少。
评估无 EIPH 病史或风险因素的疑似呼吸疾病马匹的 BALF 中是否存在含铁血黄素吞噬细胞，并确定该人群中 BALF 中含铁血黄素吞噬细胞的预测因子。
使用 STROBE（加强观察性研究的报告）指南进行观察性回顾性横断面研究。回顾性分析 2012 年至 2022 年期间在 Cummings 兽医学院接受呼吸疾病评估的 353 匹马的支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞学报告。去除有过去剧烈运动史或可能性的马匹，剩余的 91 匹马根据 Perls 普鲁士蓝染色分为含铁血黄素阳性（HSD-POS）和含铁血黄素阴性组。使用单变量和多变量分析比较 2 组 BALF 中含铁血黄素吞噬细胞存在的潜在预测因子（病史、临床评估、基线肺功能、气道反应性、BALF 细胞学和含铁血黄素评分）。
与轻度至中度马气喘（sEA）相比，被诊断为严重马气喘（sEA；优势比，11.1；95%置信区间，3.2-38.5；P < 0.001）的马匹更有可能是 HSD-POS。
在进行轻度或无体力活动且出现呼吸迹象的马的 BALF 细胞学中发现了含铁血黄素吞噬细胞；在 sEA 马中发现这些细胞的频率更高。含铁血黄素吞噬细胞与 sEA 之间的联系突出了与这种常见疾病相关的以前未研究过的病理学。
