Vélez-León Eleonor María, Albaladejo-Martínez Alberto, Ortíz-Ortega Paulina, Cuenca-León Katherine, Armas-Vega Ana, Melo María
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador.
Dent J (Basel). 2023 Mar 3;11(3):71. doi: 10.3390/dj11030071.
In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) using the Dean index in 1606 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from urban and rural environments in provinces that make up the Southern Region of Ecuador. Participants met the inclusion criteria which were age, locality, informed consent document and no legal impediment. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 50.1% in the areas of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, with no significant differences (x = 5.83, = 0.054). The types of DF found most frequently were very mild and mild in all provinces; a moderate degree was more prevalent in Cañar (17%). There was no significant association ( > 0.05) between sex and the presence of dental fluorosis and, with respect to severity, the most frequent degree was moderate at the age of 12 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the area evaluated is high, especially in the light and very light degrees, with a tendency toward moderate levels. It is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that are predisposing to the development of this pathology in the population studied. This research is an update regarding this pathology in Ecuador, so it is concluded that it is necessary to continue developing studies based on the findings obtained, thus contributing to the public health of the country.
近几十年来，氟暴露的增加导致厄瓜多尔实行氟化措施和未实行氟化措施社区的氟斑牙病例增多，但该国上一次关于氟斑牙的全国性流行病学研究是在十多年前进行的。这项横断面描述性研究的目的是，使用迪恩指数确定来自厄瓜多尔南部地区各省城乡环境的1606名6至12岁学童的氟斑牙患病率、分布情况和严重程度。参与者符合纳入标准，即年龄、所在地、知情同意书且无法律障碍。结果采用百分比频率测量和卡方关联分析呈现。阿苏艾、卡尼亚尔和莫罗纳·圣地亚哥地区的氟斑牙患病率为50.1%，无显著差异（χ² = 5.83，P = 0.054）。在所有省份，最常发现的氟斑牙类型是极轻度和轻度；中度在卡尼亚尔更为普遍（17%）。性别与氟斑牙的存在之间无显著关联（P > 0.05），就严重程度而言，12岁时最常见的程度为中度。所评估地区的氟斑牙患病率很高，尤其是轻度和极轻度，有向中度发展的趋势。有必要对所研究人群中易患这种病理状况的因素进行研究。这项研究是关于厄瓜多尔这种病理状况的最新情况，因此得出结论，有必要根据所获得的研究结果继续开展研究，从而为该国的公共卫生做出贡献。
