de Paz Víctor, Asís Josep D, Holzschuh Andrea, Baños-Picón Laura
Departmento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Parasitología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
Insects. 2023 Mar 10;14(3):277. doi: 10.3390/insects14030277.
Agricultural abandonment is one of the main land-use changes in Europe, and its consequences on biodiversity are context- and taxa-dependent. While several studies have worked on this topic, few have focused on traditional orchards, especially in different landscapes and under a Mediterranean climate. In this context, we aimed to determine the effects of almond orchard abandonment on the communities of three groups of beneficial arthropods and the role of the landscape context in modulating these effects. Between February and September 2019, four samplings were carried out in twelve almond orchards (three abandoned and three traditional (active orchards under traditional agricultural management) located in simple landscapes as well as three abandoned and three traditional in complex landscapes). Abandoned and traditional almond orchards harbor different arthropod communities and diversity metrics that are strongly conditioned by seasonality. Abandoned orchards can favor pollinators and natural enemies, providing alternative resources in simple landscapes. However, the role that abandoned orchards play in simple landscapes disappears as the percentage of semi-natural habitats in the landscape increases. Our results show that landscape simplification, through the loss of semi-natural habitats, has negative consequences on arthropod biodiversity, even in traditional farming landscapes with small fields and high crop diversity.
农业弃耕是欧洲主要的土地利用变化之一，其对生物多样性的影响取决于具体环境和生物分类群。虽然已有多项研究关注这一主题，但很少有研究聚焦于传统果园，尤其是在不同景观和地中海气候条件下的传统果园。在此背景下，我们旨在确定杏仁园弃耕对三类有益节肢动物群落的影响，以及景观背景在调节这些影响中所起的作用。2019年2月至9月期间，在十二个杏仁园进行了四次采样（三个位于简单景观中的废弃果园和三个传统果园（采用传统农业管理的活跃果园），以及三个位于复杂景观中的废弃果园和三个传统果园）。废弃和传统杏仁园拥有不同的节肢动物群落以及受季节性强烈影响的多样性指标。废弃果园可为传粉者和天敌提供有利条件，在简单景观中提供替代资源。然而，随着景观中半自然栖息地比例的增加，废弃果园在简单景观中所起的作用就会消失。我们的研究结果表明，即使在田地面积小且作物多样性高的传统农业景观中，半自然栖息地的丧失导致的景观简化也会对节肢动物生物多样性产生负面影响。
