Maegele Marc
Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Kliniken der Stadt Köln-Merheim, Universität Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Köln-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland.
Institut für Forschung in der Operativen Medizin (IFOM), Universität Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Köln-Merheim, Köln, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb). 2023 Jul;126(7):542-551. doi: 10.1007/s00113-023-01300-5. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Uncontrolled bleeding with associated trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) remains the leading cause of preventable death after severe trauma. Meanwhile, TIC is recognized as a separate clinical entity with substantial impact on downstream morbidity and mortality. In clinical practice severely injured and bleeding patients are often still being treated according to established damage control surgery (DCS) procedures with surgical bleeding control and empirical transfusion of classical blood products in predefined ratios in the sense of damage control resuscitation (DCR); however, algorithms are also available, which have been constructed from established viscoelasticity-based point of care (POC) diagnostic procedures and target value-oriented treatments. The latter enables a timely qualitative assessment of coagulation function from whole blood at bedside and provides rapid and clinically useful information on the presence, development and dynamics of the coagulation disorder. The early implementation of viscoelasticity-based POC procedures in the context of resuscitation room management of severely injured and bleeding patients was uniformly associated with reductions in potentially harmful blood products, especially overtransfusions, and an overall improvement in outcome including survival. The present article reviews the clinical questions around the use of viscoelasticity-based procedures as well as recommendations for the early and acute management of bleeding trauma patients taking the current literature into account.
伴有创伤性凝血病(TIC)的失控性出血仍然是严重创伤后可预防死亡的主要原因。同时,TIC被认为是一个独立的临床实体,对下游的发病率和死亡率有重大影响。在临床实践中,严重受伤和出血的患者通常仍按照既定的损伤控制手术(DCS)程序进行治疗,即进行手术止血,并按照损伤控制复苏(DCR)的理念,以预先确定的比例经验性输注传统血液制品;然而,也有一些算法,这些算法是根据既定的基于粘弹性的床旁(POC)诊断程序和目标值导向治疗构建的。后者能够在床边对全血的凝血功能进行及时的定性评估,并提供有关凝血障碍的存在、发展和动态的快速且临床有用的信息。在对严重受伤和出血患者的复苏室管理中早期实施基于粘弹性的POC程序,一致地与潜在有害血液制品(尤其是过度输血)的减少以及包括生存率在内的总体结局改善相关。本文回顾了围绕使用基于粘弹性的程序的临床问题,以及考虑到当前文献对出血性创伤患者进行早期和急性管理的建议。