回顾两年的争论：是什么推动了 SARS-CoV-2 的进化：RNA 编辑还是复制错误？
Retrospect of the Two-Year Debate: What Fuels the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2: RNA Editing or Replication Error?
机构信息
College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Curr Microbiol. 2023 Mar 28;80(5):151. doi: 10.1007/s00284-023-03279-z.
Mutation is one of the mechanisms of the evolutionary divergence of an organism. Under this global COVID-19 pandemic, the fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 became one of the most worrying issues. Some researchers believed that the hosts' RNA deamination systems (APOBECs and ADARs) are the major source of mutations and have driven the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. However, apart from RNA editing, the RDRP (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)-mediated replication errors may also contribute to the mutation of SARS-CoV-2 (just like the single-nucleotide polymorphisms/variations in eukaryotes caused by DNA replication errors). Unfortunately, it is technically unable to distinguish RNA editing and replication errors (SNPs) in this RNA virus. Here comes a fundamental question: we indeed observed the fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2, but what exactly fuels its evolution: RNA editing or replication errors? This debate lasts for 2 years. In this piece, we will retrospect the 2-year debate on RNA editing versus SNPs.
突变是生物进化分歧的机制之一。在全球 COVID-19 大流行下，SARS-CoV-2 的快速进化成为最令人担忧的问题之一。一些研究人员认为，宿主的 RNA 脱氨酶系统（APOBECs 和 ADARs）是突变的主要来源，并推动了 SARS-CoV-2 的进化。然而，除了 RNA 编辑，RDRP（RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶）介导的复制错误也可能导致 SARS-CoV-2 的突变（就像真核生物中由 DNA 复制错误引起的单核苷酸多态性/变异一样）。不幸的是，从技术上无法区分这种 RNA 病毒中的 RNA 编辑和复制错误（SNP）。由此产生了一个基本问题：我们确实观察到了 SARS-CoV-2 的快速进化，但是什么推动了它的进化：RNA 编辑还是复制错误？这场争论持续了 2 年。在这篇文章中，我们将回顾关于 RNA 编辑与 SNPs 的 2 年争论。
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