Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Cogn Process. 2023 Aug;24(3):353-360. doi: 10.1007/s10339-023-01134-4. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
The Framing Effect (FE) demonstrated that the way two alternatives are displayed affects people's inclination to make a specific choice, showing a risk aversion when alternatives are displayed on positive frames and risk seeking in negative frames. Risk seeking in negative frames is closely linked to loss aversion. Moreover, classical research and the salience-of-losses hypothesis argues that stress may enhance the FE and loss aversion. Recent studies also suggest that the trait interoception and alexithymia could interact and moderate the framing susceptibility. However, experimental paradigms on stress could ignore variables such as threat perception. In this sense, COVID-19 pandemic has become a powerful real-life stressor in many countries. We aimed to study how real-life stressors influence decision-making under risk. A total of 97 participants were divided into a control (n = 48) and an experimental group (n = 49). The experimental group were exposed to a stressor manipulation, a 5 min COVID-19 lockdown documentary. Our results show that COVID-19-related stressors significantly decreased bet acceptance regardless of the frame, also reducing loss aversion. Moreover, interoception was a significant predictor of loss aversion under stress conditions. Our results do not support classical research on stress and FE.
框架效应（FE）表明，两种选择的呈现方式会影响人们做出特定选择的倾向，在积极框架中表现出风险规避，而在消极框架中则表现出风险寻求。在消极框架中表现出的风险寻求与损失厌恶密切相关。此外，经典研究和损失凸显假说认为，压力可能会增强 FE 和损失厌恶。最近的研究还表明，特质内感受和述情障碍可能相互作用并调节框架易感性。然而，关于压力的实验范式可能会忽略威胁感知等变量。从这个意义上说，COVID-19 大流行已成为许多国家的强大现实生活压力源。我们旨在研究现实生活中的压力源如何影响风险下的决策。共有 97 名参与者被分为对照组（n=48）和实验组（n=49）。实验组接受了压力源处理，即观看 5 分钟的 COVID-19 封锁纪录片。我们的结果表明，与 COVID-19 相关的压力源显著降低了无论框架如何的风险接受度，同时也降低了损失厌恶。此外，内感受是应激条件下损失厌恶的一个重要预测指标。我们的结果不支持关于压力和 FE 的经典研究。
