Marquina Moisés, Lorenzo-Calvo Jorge, García-Sánchez Carlos, Rubia Alfonso de la, Rivilla-García Jesús, Ferro-Sánchez Amelia
Sport & Training Research Group, Sports Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2023 Mar 13;11(3):67. doi: 10.3390/sports11030067.
(I) The execution of different sports involves a significant number of throws, jumps, or direction changes, so the body must be as stable as possible while performing a specific action. However, there is no classification of unstable devices and their influence on performance variables. Furthermore, the effect on athletes' experience using instability is unknown. (II) The aim of this study was to analyze the power and speed parameters in bench press with different loads and unstable executions: (1) stable (SB), (2) with asymmetric load (AB), (3) with unstable load (UB), (4) on fitball (FB) and (5) on a Bosu (BB). A total of 30 male participants (15 trained and 15 untrained) were evaluated for mean propulsive speed (MPS), maximum speed (MS), and power (PW) with different types of external load: a low load (40% of 1RM), medium load (60% of 1RM), and high load (80% of 1RM) in each condition. Variables were measured with an inertial dynamometer. (III) The best data were evidenced with SB, followed by AB (3-12%), UB (4-11%), FB (7-19%), and BB (14-23%). There were no differences between groups and loads ( > 0.05) except in the case of MS with 60% 1RM, where trained participants obtained 4% better data ( < 0.05). (IV) Executions with implements and equipment such as fitball and Bosu do not seem to be the most recommended when the objective is to improve power or execution speed. However, situations where the load is unstable (AB and UB) seem to be a good alternative to improve stabilization work without high performance. Furthermore, experience does not seem to be a determining factor.
（一）不同体育运动的执行涉及大量的投掷、跳跃或方向改变，因此在执行特定动作时身体必须尽可能稳定。然而，对于不稳定器械及其对表现变量的影响尚无分类。此外，使用不稳定性对运动员体验的影响尚不清楚。（二）本研究的目的是分析不同负荷和不稳定执行方式下卧推的力量和速度参数：（1）稳定状态（SB），（2）不对称负荷（AB），（3）不稳定负荷（UB），（4）在健身球上（FB）和（5）在波速球上（BB）。共有30名男性参与者（15名训练有素者和15名未训练者）在不同类型的外部负荷下接受平均推进速度（MPS）、最大速度（MS）和力量（PW）的评估：每种情况下的低负荷（1RM的40%）、中等负荷（1RM的60%）和高负荷（1RM的80%）。变量用惯性测力计测量。（三）SB的各项数据最佳，其次是AB（相差3 - 12%）、UB（相差4 - 11%）、FB（相差7 - 19%）和BB（相差14 - 23%）。除了60% 1RM的MS情况外，组间和负荷间均无差异（P>0.05），在60% 1RM的MS情况下，训练有素的参与者数据好4%（P<0.05）。（四）当目标是提高力量或执行速度时，使用健身球和波速球等器械和设备的执行方式似乎并非最推荐的。然而，负荷不稳定的情况（AB和UB）似乎是在不追求高表现的情况下改善稳定训练的一个好选择。此外，经验似乎不是一个决定性因素。
