Schmidt Brigitte, Kegler Felix, Steinhauser Georg, Chyzhevskyi Ihor, Dubchak Sergiy, Ivesic Caroline, Koller-Peroutka Marianne, Laarouchi Aicha, Adlassnig Wolfram
Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Institute for Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
Toxics. 2023 Feb 25;11(3):218. doi: 10.3390/toxics11030218.
The "Chernobyl nuclear disaster" released huge amounts of radionuclides, which are still detectable in plants and sediments today. Bryophytes (mosses) are primitive land plants lacking roots and protective cuticles and therefore readily accumulate multiple contaminants, including metals and radionuclides. This study quantifies Cs and Am in moss samples from the cooling pond of the power plant, the surrounding woodland and the city of Prypiat. Activity concentrations of up to 297 Bq/g (Cs) and 0.43 Bq/g (Am) were found. Cs contents were significantly higher at the cooling pond, where Am was not detectable. Distance to the damaged reactor, amount of original fallout, presence of vascular tissue in the stem or taxonomy were of little importance. Mosses seem to absorb radionuclides rather indiscriminately, if available. More than 30 years after the disaster, Cs was washed out from the very top layer of the soil, where it is no more accessible for rootless mosses but possibly for higher plants. On the other hand, Cs still remains solved and accessible in the cooling pond. However, Am remained adsorbed to the topsoil, thus accessible to terrestrial mosses, but precipitated in the sapropel of the cooling pond.
“切尔诺贝利核灾难”释放了大量放射性核素，如今在植物和沉积物中仍可检测到。苔藓植物（苔藓）是缺乏根和保护性角质层的原始陆地植物，因此很容易积累多种污染物，包括金属和放射性核素。本研究对来自发电厂冷却池、周边林地和普里皮亚季市的苔藓样本中的铯和镅进行了量化。发现活度浓度高达297贝克勒尔/克（铯）和0.43贝克勒尔/克（镅）。冷却池中的铯含量显著更高，在那里未检测到镅。与受损反应堆的距离、原始沉降量、茎中维管组织的存在或分类学的重要性不大。苔藓似乎不加选择地吸收放射性核素，只要有可吸收的。灾难发生30多年后，铯已从土壤表层被冲走，无根的苔藓无法再获取，但高等植物可能可以。另一方面，铯在冷却池中仍可溶解并可获取。然而，镅仍吸附在表土上，因此陆地苔藓可以获取，但在冷却池的腐泥中沉淀。
