von Bernstorff Maximilian, Obermueller Theresa, Münst Julia, Hofmann Veit M, Pudszuhn Annett
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Campus Benjamin Franklin.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2023 Oct;102(10):754-761. doi: 10.1055/a-2028-6257. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Vestibular neuritis (VN) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular balance disorder. Demographic and other risk factors associated with VN are insufficiently published. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify associated risk factors in patients with acute VN.
This study evaluated all hospitalized VN cases between 2017-2019. Inclusion criteria was an otoneurologically confirmed diagnosis of acute VN. Patient data was compared with data of the German normal population (Robert Koch Institute, "Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell").
168 patients (Ø 59.8 years) were included. Compared with the normal German population, the study population was significantly more likely to have preexisting cardiovascular diseases, and the male patients were significantly more likely to have arterial hypertension. No significant differences were measurable between the study population and the normal population for other secondary diseases. Leukocytosis was present in 23% on admission, and 9% of patients reported a history of VZV or HSV-1 disease.
Etiology and pathogenesis of VN are poorly understood. Inflammatory and vascular causes are discussed. In this study, patients had increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease compared with the normal population, but the study population had a higher average age. Currently, it is unclear what significance nonspecific elevated leukocyte values could have as a possible sign of VN triggered by an infection. Since the number of inpatient cases with VN is rising, prospective studies should be performed to get a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.
前庭神经炎（VN）是最常见的外周前庭平衡障碍之一。与VN相关的人口统计学及其他风险因素的公开报道不足。因此，本研究旨在确定急性VN患者的相关风险因素。
本研究评估了2017年至2019年间所有住院的VN病例。纳入标准为经耳神经学确诊的急性VN。将患者数据与德国正常人群数据（罗伯特·科赫研究所，“德国当前健康状况”）进行比较。
纳入了168例患者（平均年龄59.8岁）。与德国正常人群相比，研究人群患心血管疾病的既往史显著更多，男性患者患动脉高血压的可能性显著更高。在其他继发性疾病方面，研究人群与正常人群之间未发现显著差异。入院时23%的患者存在白细胞增多，9%的患者报告有VZV或HSV-1疾病史。
VN的病因和发病机制尚不清楚。炎症和血管原因受到讨论。在本研究中，与正常人群相比，患者心血管疾病的患病率有所增加，但研究人群的平均年龄更高。目前，尚不清楚非特异性白细胞值升高作为感染引发VN的可能迹象有何意义。由于VN住院病例数在增加，应进行前瞻性研究以更好地了解该疾病的发病机制。
