Hussain Mohamed A, Mohamed Ahmed O, Abdelkarim Omalhassan A, Yousef Bashir A, Babikir Asma A, Mirghani Maysoon M, Mohamed Entsar A, Osman Wadah, Mothana Ramzi A, Elhag Rashid
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum P.O. Box 2469, Sudan.
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum P.O. Box 2469, Sudan.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Mar 20;12(3):612. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030612.
Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is one of the common factors which precipitate antimicrobial resistance, yet if effective implementations are amended it can be effortlessly controlled. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of SMA in Sudan.
The study adopted a cross-sectional study design conducted in all Sudan states between June and December 2021. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. Binary logistic regression was computed to investigate the possible factors which associated with SMA.
Out of 1492 participants surveyed, 71.3% utilize antibiotics as self-medication. The derived reasons for SMA were convenience (63.3%) and cost-saving (34.8%). Tonsillitis was the most common ailment behind SMA (55.5%). Log-binominal regression revealed that non-insured and low level of education participants were more likely to predict SMA. Regarding the practice, 40% changed the dose and/or antibiotics mainly owing to improvement (53.7%) or worsening of the condition (37.9%). The most commonly used antibiotic was amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (32.5%).
Two out of three individuals in Sudan practice SMA mainly to manage upper respiratory tract ailments. Thus, the necessity of implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program throughout the country, as well as implementing effective legislation to prohibit dispensing antibiotics without prescription is urgently required.
抗生素自我药疗（SMA）是促成抗菌药物耐药性的常见因素之一，但如果实施有效的改进措施，它是可以轻松控制的。本研究旨在评估苏丹抗生素自我药疗的患病率及其预测因素。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，于2021年6月至12月在苏丹所有州开展。采用多阶段分层整群抽样。使用半结构化问卷收集数据。描述性统计用于呈现数据。采用二元逻辑回归分析与抗生素自我药疗相关的可能因素。
在1492名接受调查的参与者中，71.3%的人将抗生素用于自我药疗。抗生素自我药疗的主要原因是方便（63.3%）和节省费用（34.8%）。扁桃体炎是抗生素自我药疗背后最常见的疾病（55.5%）。对数二项回归显示，未参保和教育程度低的参与者更有可能进行抗生素自我药疗。在用药习惯方面，40%的人改变了剂量和/或更换了抗生素，主要原因是病情好转（53.7%）或恶化（37.9%）。最常用的抗生素是阿莫西林/克拉维酸（32.5%）。
苏丹三分之二的人进行抗生素自我药疗，主要是为了治疗上呼吸道疾病。因此，迫切需要在全国实施抗菌药物管理计划，并实施有效的立法，禁止无处方配药。
