Aslam Adeel, Zin Che Suraya, Jamshed Shazia, Rahman Norny Syafinaz Ab, Ahmed Syed Imran, Pallós Péter, Gajdács Márió
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jun 12;11(6):795. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060795.
Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) has become considerably common in developing countries, which is a critical factor for driving antibiotic resistance. Individuals involved in SMA generally do not have adequate knowledge regarding the appropriate use, indications and dosage of these drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate population SMA practices, knowledge and sociodemographic factors associated with SMA in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study adopted a cross-sectional methodology and data collection was performed through an anonymous, structured and pilot-tested questionnaire, which was interview-administered. Inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Out of 480 participants, 55.6% ( = 267) were male with a mean age of 37.1 ± 10.1 years; the total prevalence of SMA was 32.5%. Ciprofloxacin (42.9%) was the most commonly used antibiotic to treat coughs or colds, a runny nose, flu or sore throat, diarrhea or fevers, which were relevant reasons for SMA. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that predictors of SMA were: male gender (95% CI: 0.383-1.005), age (95% CI: 0.317-0.953) and highest level of education (95% CI: 0.961-0.649). Despite reasonable access to healthcare facilities, people are still obtaining antibiotics without prescription, bypassing diagnostic and consultative healthcare services. Thus, the government must implement strict healthcare policies to restrict the sale of antibiotics without prescriptions, while at the same time, targeted public awareness campaigns about the proper use of antibiotics are also required.
在发展中国家，自行使用抗生素（SMA）的现象已相当普遍，这是推动抗生素耐药性产生的一个关键因素。参与自行使用抗生素的人通常对这些药物的正确使用方法、适应症和剂量缺乏足够的了解。本研究的目的是调查巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡自行使用抗生素的人群行为、知识以及与自行使用抗生素相关的社会人口学因素。该研究采用横断面研究方法，通过一份匿名、结构化且经过预测试的问卷进行数据收集，问卷采用访谈方式进行。进行了推断统计和多变量逻辑回归分析。在480名参与者中，55.6%（n = 267）为男性，平均年龄为37.1 ± 10.1岁；自行使用抗生素的总患病率为32.5%。环丙沙星（42.9%）是治疗咳嗽或感冒、流鼻涕、流感或喉咙痛、腹泻或发烧时最常用的抗生素，这些是自行使用抗生素的相关原因。多变量逻辑回归分析结果显示，自行使用抗生素的预测因素为：男性（95%置信区间：0.383 - 1.005）、年龄（95%置信区间：0.317 - 0.953）和最高教育水平（95%置信区间：0.961 - 0.649）。尽管能够合理使用医疗保健设施，但人们仍在无处方的情况下获取抗生素，绕过了诊断和咨询医疗服务。因此，政府必须实施严格的医疗政策来限制无处方销售抗生素，同时，还需要开展有针对性的公众宣传活动，宣传抗生素的正确使用方法。
