Paniagua Montserrat, Villagómez-Estrada Sandra, Crespo Francisco Javier, Pérez José Francisco, Arís Anna, Devant Maria, Solà-Oriol David
Technical and R&D Department, Quimidroga S.A., 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
Faculty of Veterinary, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;13(6):967. doi: 10.3390/ani13060967.
Since citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of therapeutic doses of zinc oxide at weaning. A total of 252 weaned pigs ([LargeWhite × Landrace] × Pietrain) were distributed according to BW (5.7 kg ± 0.76) into 18 pens (6 pens per diet, 14 pigs/pen). Three experimental diets for the prestarter (0-14 d postweaning) and starter (15-35 d postweaning) period were prepared: (i) a nonmedicated (CON) diet, (ii) a CON diet supplemented with zinc oxide at 2500 mg/kg, amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg and apramycin at 0.1 mg/kg (ZnO), and (iii) CON diet with the addition of a commercial citrus flavonoid extract at 0.3 mg/kg and amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg (FLAV). Pig BW, ADG, ADFI, and FCR were assessed on d7, d14, and d35. Samples of intestinal tissue, cecal content, and serum were collected on day seven (18 piglets). FLAV treatment achieved greater BW and ADG during the starter and for the entire experimental period compared with the CON diet ( < 0.05), whereas ZnO pigs evidenced intermediate results. Jejunum tissue analysis showed that pigs fed the FLAV diet overexpressed genes related to barrier function, digestive enzymes, and nutrient transport compared to those pigs fed the CON diet ( < 0.05). An increase in the abundance of bacterial genera such as , , and ( < 0.05) was observed in the FLAV compared with the CON and ZnO piglets. ZnO and FLAV increased the expression of TAS2R39, while ZnO pigs also expressed greater TAS2R16 than CON ( < 0.05) in the intestine. FLAV treatment improved the gut function, possibly explaining a higher performance at the end of the nursery period. Consequently, citrus flavonoids supplementation, together with amoxicillin, is a promising alternative to the use of zinc oxide plus amoxicillin and apramycin in weanling pigs, minimizing the use of antibiotics.
由于柑橘类黄酮具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，因此推测这些化合物将成为断奶时使用治疗剂量氧化锌的合适替代品。总共252头断奶仔猪（[大白猪×长白猪]×皮特兰猪）根据体重（5.7千克±0.76）被分配到18个猪栏中（每种日粮6个猪栏，每个猪栏14头猪）。制备了断奶前（断奶后0 - 14天）和断奶后起始期（断奶后15 - 35天）的三种实验日粮：（i）无药物添加的对照（CON）日粮，（ii）添加了2500毫克/千克氧化锌、0.3毫克/千克阿莫西林和0.1毫克/千克阿普拉霉素的对照日粮（ZnO），以及（iii）添加了0.3毫克/千克商业柑橘类黄酮提取物和0.3毫克/千克阿莫西林的对照日粮（FLAV）。在第7天、第14天和第35天评估仔猪体重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在第7天收集了18头仔猪的肠道组织、盲肠内容物和血清样本。与对照日粮相比，FLAV处理在断奶后起始期和整个实验期间仔猪体重和ADG更高（P < 0.05），而ZnO组仔猪结果居中。空肠组织分析表明，与饲喂对照日粮的仔猪相比，饲喂FLAV日粮的仔猪中与屏障功能、消化酶和营养物质转运相关的基因过度表达（P < 0.05）。与对照和ZnO组仔猪相比，FLAV组仔猪中诸如[具体细菌属名1]、[具体细菌属名2]和[具体细菌属名3]等细菌属的丰度增加（P < 0.05）。ZnO和FLAV组增加了TAS2R39的表达，而ZnO组仔猪在肠道中TAS2R16的表达也高于对照组（P < 0.05）。FLAV处理改善了肠道功能，这可能解释了保育期末更高的生产性能。因此，在断奶仔猪中，添加柑橘类黄酮与阿莫西林一起，是使用氧化锌加阿莫西林和阿普拉霉素的一种有前景的替代方案，可尽量减少抗生素的使用。
