Mariano Alessia, Bigioni Irene, Ammendola Sergio, Scotto d'Abusco Anna
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Ambiotec di Sergio Ammendola, 04012 Cisterna di Latina (LT), Italy.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Mar 9;10(3):343. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10030343.
Nanomedicine can represent a new strategy to treat several types of diseases such as those with inflammatory aetiology. Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with controlled shape, size, and eventually surface charge. Moreover, the use of molecules in nanoform may allow more effective delivery into the diseased cells and tissues, reducing toxicity and side effects of the used compounds. The aim of the present manuscript was the evaluation of the effects of N-acetylglucosamine in nanoform (GlcNAc NP) in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA). Human primary chondrocytes were treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α to simulate a low-grade inflammation and then treated with both GlcNAc and GlcNAc NP, in order to find the lowest concentrations able to counteract the inflammatory state of the cells and ensure a chondroprotective action. The findings showed that GlcNAc NP was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and IL-8, which are among the main effectors of inflammation; moreover, the nanoparticles downregulated the production of metalloprotease enzymes. GlcNAc NP was effective at a very low concentration compared to GlcNAc in its native form. Furthermore, GlcNAc NP stimulated an increase in collagen type II synthesis. In conclusion, the GlcNAc in nanoform showed better performance than GlcNAc, at concentrations lower than those reached in the joints after oral administration to patients of 1.5 g/die of glucosamine.
纳米医学可以代表一种治疗多种疾病的新策略，比如那些具有炎症病因的疾病。通过这种策略，可以获得形状、大小可控，最终表面电荷也可控的纳米颗粒。此外，纳米形式的分子使用可能允许更有效地递送至患病细胞和组织，降低所用化合物的毒性和副作用。本手稿的目的是评估纳米形式的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（GlcNAc NP）在骨关节炎（OA）体外模型中的作用。用人原代软骨细胞用肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α处理以模拟低度炎症，然后用GlcNAc和GlcNAc NP处理，以便找到能够抵消细胞炎症状态并确保软骨保护作用的最低浓度。研究结果表明，GlcNAc NP能够降低促炎介质IL-6和IL-8，它们是炎症的主要效应因子；此外，纳米颗粒下调了金属蛋白酶的产生。与天然形式的GlcNAc相比，GlcNAc NP在非常低的浓度下就有效。此外，GlcNAc NP刺激了II型胶原蛋白合成的增加。总之，纳米形式的GlcNAc在低于每天口服1.5克葡萄糖胺的患者关节中所达到的浓度下，表现出比GlcNAc更好的性能。
