Lazur Jan, Hnatyk Kamil, Kała Katarzyna, Sułkowska-Ziaja Katarzyna, Muszyńska Bożena
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Mar 2;12(3):623. doi: 10.3390/antiox12030623.
Major Depression Disease is a common mental illness that affects more than 322 million people worldwide and it is one of the leading causes of mental and physical disability. The etiology of depression is a complex interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors. Currently, psychopharmacotherapy is based mainly on the monoamine theory, which states that depression is caused by an insufficient level of monoamines such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine. Due to the relatively low efficacy of the typical antidepressant and the high prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (~30%), seeking new ways of prophylaxis, adjuvant therapy, or novel compounds with antidepressant activity, is a priority. According to studies that analyzed mushroom consumption patterns and depression prevalence, it was concluded that mushroom ingestion lowers the odds of depression. Medicinal mushrooms are considered functional foods because of their ability to synthesize and accumulate different types of metabolites, which enhance their health-promoting properties. The review aims to explain the antidepressant activity of edible/medicinal mushrooms by elucidating the mechanism from different perspectives: edible mushrooms as a source of serotonin precursors and psilocybin as a rapid-acting antidepressant. These compounds exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities that impact neurotrophin expression, the neurogenesis process, and influence on the gut-brain axis.
重度抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病，全球有超过3.22亿人受其影响，它是导致精神和身体残疾的主要原因之一。抑郁症的病因是心理、社会和生物因素的复杂相互作用。目前，心理药物治疗主要基于单胺理论，该理论认为抑郁症是由血清素、去甲肾上腺素和/或多巴胺等单胺水平不足引起的。由于典型抗抑郁药的疗效相对较低以及难治性抑郁症的高患病率（约30%），寻求预防、辅助治疗的新方法或具有抗抑郁活性的新型化合物是当务之急。根据分析蘑菇消费模式和抑郁症患病率的研究，得出的结论是食用蘑菇可降低患抑郁症的几率。药用蘑菇因其能够合成和积累不同类型的代谢物而被视为功能性食品，这些代谢物增强了它们的健康促进特性。这篇综述旨在通过从不同角度阐明机制来解释可食用/药用蘑菇的抗抑郁活性：可食用蘑菇作为血清素前体的来源以及裸盖菇素作为速效抗抑郁药。这些化合物具有抗神经炎症和抗氧化活性，会影响神经营养因子的表达、神经发生过程以及对肠-脑轴的影响。
