Rondanelli Mariangela, Moroni Alessia, Zese Marco, Gasparri Clara, Riva Antonella, Petrangolini Giovanna, Perna Simone, Mazzola Giuseppe
IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Mar 16;12(3):736. doi: 10.3390/antiox12030736.
Recent literature has shown that vitamin D, in addition to its well-known activity on the skeleton, has many positive effects on health. Unfortunately, it is not easy to meet intake needs solely with food. Mushrooms could provide a valid way to achieve this goal, because they are one of the few sources of vitamin D. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize what has been reported in the literature on the treatment of animal and human models with irradiated commercial mushrooms, with particular attention paid to the effects on clinical outcomes associated with the classical and nonclassical vitamin D functions. A total of 18 articles were selected. Six studies were conducted on human samples, while twelve were focused on animal models. The six studies conducted in humans involved a large number of subjects (663), but the treatment period was relatively short (1-6 months). Furthermore, the treatment dosage was different in the various groups (600-3800 IU/day). Probably for this reason, the studies did not demonstrate clinical efficacy on the parameters evaluated (cognitive functions, muscle system/function, metabolic syndrome). Indeed, those studies demonstrated an efficacy in increasing the blood levels of 25(OH)D2, but not in increasing the levels of 25(OH)D total. In 9 of 12 studies conducted on the animal model, however, a clinical efficacy on bone metabolism, inflammation, and cognitive performance was demonstrated. The results of this systematic review indicate that the intake of vitamin D from irradiated mushrooms could possibly help to meet vitamin D needs, but the dosage and the time of treatment tested need to be evaluated. Therefore, studies conducted in humans for longer periods than the studies carried out up to now are necessary, with defined dosages, in order to also evaluate the clinical efficacy demonstrated in animal models both for the classical (bone metabolism) and nonclassical (muscle function, cognitive performance, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities) effects of vitamin D.
近期文献表明，维生素D除了对骨骼具有众所周知的作用外，对健康还有许多积极影响。不幸的是，仅通过食物很难满足其摄入需求。蘑菇可能是实现这一目标的有效途径，因为它们是维生素D的少数来源之一。本系统评价的目的是总结文献中关于用辐照商业蘑菇治疗动物和人类模型的报道，特别关注对与经典和非经典维生素D功能相关的临床结局的影响。共筛选出18篇文章。其中6项研究针对人类样本，12项聚焦于动物模型。在人类中进行的6项研究涉及大量受试者（663名），但治疗期相对较短（1 - 6个月）。此外，各治疗组的剂量不同（600 - 3800 IU/天）。可能正因如此，这些研究在评估的参数（认知功能、肌肉系统/功能、代谢综合征）上未显示出临床疗效。实际上，这些研究表明在提高25(OH)D2的血液水平方面有效，但在提高总25(OH)D水平方面无效。然而，在针对动物模型进行的12项研究中的9项中，证明了对骨代谢、炎症和认知表现具有临床疗效。本系统评价的结果表明，从辐照蘑菇中摄入维生素D可能有助于满足维生素D需求，但所测试的治疗剂量和时间需要评估。因此，有必要开展比目前已进行的研究更长时间、明确剂量的人体研究，以便评估动物模型中所证明的维生素D经典（骨代谢）和非经典（肌肉功能、认知表现、抗炎和抗氧化活性）效应的临床疗效。
