Marterer Natalie, Mugele Hendrik, Schäfer Sarah K, Faulhaber Martin
Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 23;12(3):355. doi: 10.3390/biology12030355.
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of upper body endurance training (UBET) on oxygen uptake (VO) in healthy persons and derive evidence-based recommendations to improve upper body fitness and performance. : Databases were systematically searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines until 1 February 2023. Eligibility criteria included healthy male and female adults and older adults who underwent an UBET intervention. Outcomes of interest included physical fitness (VO and/ or VO) and transfer effects (i.e., effects from trained (VO) to untrained (VO) musculature). : The search identified 8293 records, out of which 27 studies reporting on 29 interventions met our eligibility criteria. The average duration of interventions was 6.8 ± 2.6 weeks with 3.2 ± 0.8 training sessions per week. For 21 of 29 interventions, significant increases in VO were reported following UBET (+16.4% ± 8.3%). Three of the nine studies that analyzed transfer effects of untrained legs after upper body training exhibited significant increases in VO (+9.3% ± 2.6%). : This review showed that UBET is a beneficial and useful training modality to increase the oxygen utilization in the upper body. Although UBET is an uncommon form of endurance training in healthy individuals, transfer effects to the untrained muscles can be observed in isolated cases only, rendering transfer effects in UBET inconclusive. Further research should focus on the peripheral changes in muscle morphology of the trained muscles and central changes in cardiovascular function as well as when transfer effects can occur after UBET in healthy people.
本系统评价旨在评估上肢耐力训练（UBET）对健康人摄氧量（VO）的影响，并得出基于证据的建议，以改善上肢健康状况和表现。：按照PRISMA指南对数据库进行系统检索，直至2023年2月1日。纳入标准包括接受UBET干预的健康成年男性、女性及老年人。感兴趣的结果包括身体素质（VO和/或VO）和转移效应（即从训练的（VO）到未训练的（VO）肌肉组织的效应）。：检索共识别出8293条记录，其中27项研究报告了29项干预措施，符合我们的纳入标准。干预的平均持续时间为6.8±2.6周，每周训练3.2±0.8次。在29项干预措施中的21项中，报告称UBET后VO有显著增加（+16.4%±8.3%）。在分析上肢训练后未训练腿部转移效应的9项研究中，有3项显示VO有显著增加（+9.3%±2.6%）。：本评价表明，UBET是一种有益且有用的训练方式，可提高上肢的氧利用率。尽管UBET在健康个体中是一种不常见的耐力训练形式，但仅在个别情况下可观察到对未训练肌肉的转移效应，UBET的转移效应尚无定论。未来的研究应关注训练肌肉的外周肌肉形态变化和心血管功能的中枢变化，以及健康人进行UBET后何时会出现转移效应。
