Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
Departamento de Estudios de Población, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana 22560, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 10;20(6):4899. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20064899.
Migration exposes Central American migrants, particularly those who migrate without documents, to a range of incidents, dangers, and risks that increase their vulnerability to anxiety symptoms. In most cases, the poverty, conflict, and violence they experience in their countries of origin are compounded by the unpredictable conditions of their journey through Mexico. The objective of this study was to explore the association between the presence of emotional discomfort and the experience of various vulnerabilities from the perspective of a group of Central American migrants in transit through Mexico. This is a descriptive, mixed-methods study (QUALI-QUAN). During the qualitative phase, thirty-five migrants were interviewed (twenty in Mexico City and six in Tijuana). During the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was administered to 217 migrants in shelters in Tijuana. An analysis of the subjects' accounts yielded various factors associated with stress and anxiety, which were divided into five main groups: (1) precarious conditions during the journey through Mexico, (2) rejection and abuse due to their identity, (3) abuse by Mexican authorities, (4) violence by criminal organizations, and (5) waiting time before being able to continue their journey. The interaction of various vulnerabilities predisposes individuals to present emotional discomfort, such as anxiety. Migrants who reported experiencing three or more vulnerabilities presented the highest percentages of anxiety symptoms.
移民使中美洲移民，尤其是那些没有证件的移民，面临一系列事件、危险和风险，这增加了他们出现焦虑症状的脆弱性。在大多数情况下，他们在原籍国经历的贫困、冲突和暴力因他们在墨西哥境内旅行的不可预测条件而加剧。本研究的目的是从一群通过墨西哥过境的中美洲移民的角度探讨情绪不适与各种脆弱性经历之间的关联。这是一项描述性的混合方法研究（QUALI-QUAN）。在定性阶段，对 35 名移民进行了访谈（墨西哥城 20 名，蒂华纳 6 名）。在定量阶段，对蒂华纳收容所的 217 名移民进行了问卷调查。对研究对象陈述的分析得出了与压力和焦虑相关的各种因素，这些因素分为五个主要组：（1）在墨西哥境内旅行期间的不稳定条件，（2）由于身份而遭受拒绝和虐待，（3）受到墨西哥当局的虐待，（4）受到犯罪组织的暴力侵害，（5）在能够继续旅行之前的等待时间。各种脆弱性的相互作用使个人容易出现情绪不适，如焦虑。报告经历了三种或更多脆弱性的移民出现焦虑症状的比例最高。
