Violence and Society Centre, School of Policy and Global Affairs, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 27;19(3):e0300189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300189. eCollection 2024.
This study summarised evidence on the prevalence of interpersonal, community and state physical violence against people in insecure migration status.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies that estimated prevalence of physical violence against a population in insecure migration status. We searched Embase, Social Policy and Practice, Political Science Complete, SocINDEX and Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index for reports published from January 2000 until 31 May 2023. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs assessment tool for cross-sectional studies. Two reviewers carried out screening, data extraction, quality assessment and analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted in Stata 17, using a random effects model and several exploratory subgroup analyses.
We retrieved 999 reports and included 31 retrospective cross-sectional studies with 25,997 migrants in insecure status. The prevalence estimate of physical violence was 31.16% (95% CI 25.62-36.70, p < .00). There was no statistically significant difference in the estimates for prevalence of violence for men (35.30%, 95% CI 18.45-52.15, p < .00) and for women (27.78%, 95% CI 21.42-34.15, p < .00). The highest point estimate of prevalence of violence was where insecure status was related to employment (44.40%, 95% CI 18.24-70.57, p < .00), although there were no statistically significant difference in the subgroup analysis. The prevalence of violence for people in undocumented status was not significantly different (29.13%, 95% CI 19.86-38.41, p < .00) than that for refugees and asylum seekers (33.29%, 95% CI 20.99-45.59, p < .00). The prevalence of violence in Asia was 56.01% (95% CI 22.47-89.55, p < .00). Europe had the lowest point prevalence estimate (17.98%, 95% CI 7.36-28.61, p < .00), although the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence estimate during the migration journey was 32.93% (95% CI 24.98-40.88, p < .00). Intimate partner violence attached to insecure status was estimated at 29.10%, (95% CI 8.37-49.84, p = .01), and state violence at 9.19% (95% CI 6.71-11.68, p < .00).
The prevalence of physical violence is a concern among people in a range of insecure migration statuses. Prevalence of violence is not meaningfully higher for people in undocumented status than for people in other types of insecure status.
PROSPERO (CRD42021268772).
本研究总结了不安全移民身份人群遭受人际暴力、社区暴力和国家暴力的流行情况。
我们对估计不安全移民身份人群遭受身体暴力流行情况的原始研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。我们从 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月 31 日，在 Embase、Social Policy and Practice、Political Science Complete、SocINDEX 和 Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index 中搜索了报告。使用经过改编的乔安娜·布里格斯横断面研究评估工具评估研究质量。两名评审员进行了筛选、数据提取、质量评估和分析。使用 Stata 17 进行荟萃分析，采用随机效应模型和几个探索性亚组分析。
我们检索到 999 份报告，纳入了 31 项回顾性横断面研究，涉及 25997 名处于不安全身份的移民。身体暴力的流行率估计为 31.16%（95%CI 25.62-36.70，p<0.00）。男性（35.30%，95%CI 18.45-52.15，p<0.00）和女性（27.78%，95%CI 21.42-34.15，p<0.00）暴力发生率估计值之间无统计学差异。暴力发生率最高的是与就业相关的不安全身份（44.40%，95%CI 18.24-70.57，p<0.00），尽管亚组分析中无统计学差异。无身份移民的暴力发生率与难民和寻求庇护者（33.29%，95%CI 20.99-45.59，p<0.00）无显著差异。亚洲的暴力发生率为 56.01%（95%CI 22.47-89.55，p<0.00）。欧洲的流行率点估计最低（17.98%，95%CI 7.36-28.61，p<0.00），尽管差异无统计学意义。移民过程中的暴力发生率估计为 32.93%（95%CI 24.98-40.88，p<0.00）。与不安全身份相关的亲密伴侣暴力发生率估计为 29.10%（95%CI 8.37-49.84，p=0.01），国家暴力发生率为 9.19%（95%CI 6.71-11.68，p<0.00）。
身体暴力在各种不安全移民身份人群中普遍存在，是一个令人担忧的问题。无身份移民的暴力发生率与其他类型的不安全身份移民相比，没有明显更高。
PROSPERO（CRD42021268772）。
