Llamas-Saez Carlos, Saez-Vaquero Teresa, Jiménez-García Rodrigo, López-de-Andrés Ana, Carabantes-Alarcón David, Zamorano-León José J, Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad, Pérez-Farinos Napoleón, Wärnberg Julia
Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Consejeria de Sanidad, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 22;12(6):2443. doi: 10.3390/jcm12062443.
(1) Background: We aim to assess the time trend from 2014 to 2020 in the prevalence of physical activity (PA), identify gender differences and sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with PA among people with diabetes, and compare PA between people with and without diabetes. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and a case-control study using as data source the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020. The presence of diabetes and PA were self-reported. Covariates included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables, and lifestyles. To compare people with and without diabetes, we matched individuals by age and sex. (3) Results: The number of participants aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes were 1852 and 1889 in the EHISS2014 and EHISS2020, respectively. The proportion of people with diabetes that had a medium or high frequency of PA improved from 48.3% in 2014 to 52.6% in 2020 ( = 0.009), with 68.5% in 2014 and 77.7% in 2020 being engaged in two or more days of PA ( < 0.001). Males with diabetes reported more PA than females with diabetes in both surveys. After matching by age and gender, participants with diabetes showed significantly lower engagement in PA than those without diabetes. Among adults with diabetes, multivariable logistic regression showed confirmation that PA improved significantly from 2014 to 2020 and that male sex, higher educational level, and better self-rated health were variables associated to more PA. However, self-reported comorbidities, smoking, or BMI > 30 were associated to less PA. (4) Conclusions: The time trend of PA among Spanish adults with diabetes is favorable but insufficient. The prevalence of PA in this diabetes population is low and does not reach the levels of the general population. Gender differences were found with significantly more PA among males with diabetes. Our result could help to improve the design and implementation of public health strategies to improve PA among people with diabetes.
（1）背景：我们旨在评估2014年至2020年期间身体活动（PA）患病率的时间趋势，确定糖尿病患者中PA的性别差异以及与社会人口统计学和健康相关的因素，并比较糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者之间的PA情况。（2）方法：我们使用2014年和2020年西班牙欧洲健康访谈调查（EHISS）作为数据源进行了一项横断面研究和一项病例对照研究。糖尿病的存在和PA情况均通过自我报告获得。协变量包括社会人口统计学特征、健康相关变量和生活方式。为了比较糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者，我们按年龄和性别对个体进行匹配。（3）结果：在EHISS2014和EHISS2020中，年龄≥18岁且自我报告患有糖尿病的参与者人数分别为1852人和1889人。糖尿病患者中PA频率为中等或高的比例从2014年的48.3%提高到2020年的52.6%（P = 0.009），2014年有68.5%的人以及2020年有77.7%的人进行了两天或更多天的PA（P < 0.001）。在两项调查中，患有糖尿病的男性报告的PA都比患有糖尿病的女性多。在按年龄和性别匹配后，糖尿病患者的PA参与度显著低于非糖尿病患者。在患有糖尿病的成年人中，多变量逻辑回归显示，从2014年到2020年PA有显著改善，男性、较高的教育水平和较好的自我健康评分是与更多PA相关的变量。然而，自我报告的合并症、吸烟或BMI > 30与较少的PA相关。（4）结论：西班牙成年糖尿病患者中PA的时间趋势是有利的，但仍不充分。该糖尿病人群中PA的患病率较低，未达到一般人群的水平。发现存在性别差异，患有糖尿病的男性的PA明显更多。我们的结果有助于改进公共卫生策略的设计和实施，以提高糖尿病患者的PA水平。
